The Toyota Highlander ( Japan: ???????? , Toyota Hairand ? ) , also known as Toyota Kluger ( Japanese: ??????? , Toyota Kur? g? ) , is a mid-size crossover SUV manufactured by Toyota. It's built on the same platform as used on the Toyota Camry, but based on the size of the Toyota Avalon chassis.
Announced in April 2000 at the New York Auto Show and arriving in late 2000 in Japan and January 2001 in North America, the Highlander became one of the first mid-size or mid-size crossover mid-size SUVs. The Highlander is a crossover partner for the more rugged, 4Runner midsize-based truck and became the best selling Toyota SUV before being exceeded by smaller RAV4 in 2006. In Japan, Kluger is exclusive to a dealer network called Toyota NETZ as a larger alternative to RAV4.
Can not use the Highlander name in Japan and Australia because of Hyundai Terracan's shortest cut line, Toyota calls the vehicle Toyota Kluger (pronounced Klu-ger ) there. The name is derived from the German word klug, which means smart or clever ("Kluger" meaning "smart person").
Video Toyota Highlander
Generasi pertama (XU20; 2000-2007)
The Highlander (or Kluger in Japan and Australia) share the platform with its Lexus RX/Toyota Harrier cousin. It came in five (2001-2007) and seven seats (2004-2007) configuration and became a successful sales for Toyota in a number of markets around the world. Highlander comes standard with front wheel drive and offers all wheel drive (50:50 front: rear torque split fixed). Unlike Toyota 4Runner and other midsize competitors such as the Jeep Grand Cherokee, or Chevrolet TrailBlazer, the Highlander aims for on-road comfort with unibody construction and independent rear suspension. Although it was longer than 1996-2002 4Runner was available at the time of its launch, the Highlander was surpassed by a redesigned 4Runner in 2002.
The Highlander is available in three trim lines in the United States: basic models, Sport models, and Limited models. Basic and limited models were present when the Highlander was originally introduced, while the Sport model was introduced in March 2006. In Japan, it is considered a luxury vehicle as Kluger exceeds Japanese Government regulations governing engine displacement and exterior dimensions.
In 2004 the wheels on the Limited trim changed from six-spoke, into a five-spoke alloy. The Highlander model wheels also changed from steel rims to existing wheels in the 2001-2003 Highlander Limited and B-Package models. The Sport model has a distinctive grille design, distinguishing itself from non-Sport models. The style of the wheel also serves to distinguish various models - sporting a hybrid with a unique twin-spoke design.
The Kluger was introduced to Australia in October 2003. It was available in three guises: CV, CVX, and Grande. The limited edition CV Sport model was also released in 2006. No hybrid models are available in Australia. The only machine on offer is 3.3 liter 3MZ-FE V6. The common fuel economy using Australia's standard testing regime is 12.3 L/100 km (23.0 mpg -imp ; 19.1 mpg -US ).
Mesin:
3.0-liter engine capable of pushing Kluger from 0-60 mph in about 8.8 seconds. In 2004, Kluger was given a new 3.3 liter V6 engine to compete with a stronger V6 offering than its competitors, notably Nissan Murano and Honda Pilot. The larger engine allows Kluger to reach 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 7.8 seconds.
Update 2001
Japanese and Australian Klugers were released with a center console integrated with the dashboard, while the North American Highlander initially lacked this integrated center console. The integrated center console was introduced in all US Highlanders and in Canadian Highlanders Limited in 2001, for the 2002 model year, and in all Canadian Highlanders in 2003, for the 2004 model year. However, for these early Highlanders without an integrated center console, the center console a smaller, non-integrated stand-alone is available as an option, installed in the factory or can be installed by the dealer.
2003 update
In 2003, for the 2004 model year, in addition to the 3.3-liter engine, the V6-powered model features a new five-speed automatic transmission, replacing the four-speed automatic transmission, while the four-inline model continues to use the old four speeds. This year also saw the introduction of an optional third row seat allowing two additional passengers. The center console, previously exclusive to the top trim level, is now standard on all trims. The unibody is slightly modified on the back of the second row seat to include depressions on the luggage floor that can accommodate optional third row seating. In the third rowless seats model, the depression is converted into storage compartments (before 2004 spare tires can be accessed from inside the vehicle where the third row seats will then be placed; starting in 2004 the spare tire can be accessed from under the vehicle). Subtle changes to the front grille, front and rear bumpers, headlamps and taillights (LED taillights on later hybrid models) complete a major change for the mid-2003 cycle refresh.
Update 2005
In 2005, for the 2006 model year, Highlanders sold in Canada were only offered in a V6 all-wheel drive configuration. The hybrid model is available with a four-wheel drive part-time, called Toyota as the 4WD-i in which the rear wheel is powered by a separate electric motor. The system is intended for use on snow and ice, and is vulnerable to overheating off-road electric motors.
Security
Anti-lock brakes, brake relief and electronic brake force distribution are standard, Vehicle Stability Control with optional tension control in the 2001-03 model becomes standard for the 2004 model (Standard standard hybrid with VDIM). Also the standard for 2004 is the tire pressure monitor. Front-mounted front-mounted airbags are optional on the 2001-06 model, while side and front side curtain airbags are optional on the 2004-06 model. Side airbags became standard on the 2007 model and curtain airbags acquired rollover sensors that same year.
In the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) accident test, the Highlander was rated "Good" overall in a frontal offset collision test. The IIHS reports the Highlander has one of the lowest driver death rates among all vehicles, and among SUVs, only Toyota 4Runner has a lower driver death rate. This report looks at the model year 2001-2005 vehicles in the US.
Hybrid (MHU28, 2005-2007)
Initially, Kluger was an ordinary, non-hybrid SUV powered by an internal combustion engine, but then Toyota introduced a hybrid version, Kluger Hybrid that utilized the company's Hybrid Synergy Drive technology in combination with 3MZ-FE 3.3 liter V6 engine is offered in FWD or AWD trim. Hybrid drivetrain was introduced at the North American International Automotive Exhibition of 2004, and was offered to the public in July 2005 as a model for 2006. Power steering pumps, water pumps and air-conditioning compressors are converted from belt-drives to electric-powered versions. A modified alternator is incorporated into the hybrid system.
In North America, the hybrid version is called Highlander Hybrid . It was also the first seven-seat hybrid vehicle. With an electric motor that provides power including a lower speed, overall acceleration is an increase in particularity at a passing rate. Other additions include Toyota's Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM) system and Brake's electronically controlled (ECB). The California Air Resources Board gave it a SULEV emission rating. The US Environmental Protection Agency (revised standard) rated it at 28 mpg -US (8.4Ã, L/100Ã, km; 34 mpg -imp ) City/25 mpg < sub> -US (9,4 L/100 km; 30 mpg -imp ) Highway for FWD model and 27 mpg -US (8.7Ã , L/100 km); 32 mpg -imp )/25 mpg -US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg -imp ) for the AWD model. This system is almost identical to the Lexus RX 400h. All models of wheel drive are rated to tow 3,500 pounds (1,600 kg).
Maps Toyota Highlander
Second generation (XU40; 2007-2013)
Toyota revealed the second generation Highlander and Highlander Hybrid at the Chicago Auto Show 2007, with American sales starting in July and a hybrid at the end of September. But the second generation Highlander and Highlander Hybrid are not sold in Japan. The five-seat Highlander for the United States and Canada was dropped because the larger Venza replaced it.
Originally a single powertrain for Highlander 2008 was a 270 hp (201rbW) 3.5 liter 2GR-FE V6 mated to a five-speed auto. The four-cylinder model has been discontinued but added again in 2009. While the 3.5-liter engine has 55 bhp more than the previous 3.6-liter V6 and increased dimensions along with improved sound proofing adds nearly £ 500 for vehicle sidewalk weight about 4,000 lbs , fuel economy slightly improved. EPA estimates the fuel economy for the front-wheel drive model is at 18 mpg -US (13Ã, L/100 km; 22 mpg -imp ) city/24 mpg -us (9.8Ã, L/100Ã, km; 29Ã, mpg -imp ) highway (last gene: 17 mpg -US (14Ã, L/100Ã, km; 20Ã, mpg -imp ) city/23 mpg -US (10Ã, L/100Ã, km; 28 mpg -imp ) hwy).
For 2009, Toyota again offers a 4-cylinder model for a 5-passenger front-wheel drive with a new 2.1 liter ILE-certified ULEV-II 1AR-FE paired to six-speed automatic. It generates 187 hp (139 kW) at 5,800 rpm and 186Ã, lb? Ft (252Ã, N? M) peak torque at 4,100 rpm at 87 regular octane fuel. The four cylinders provide an EPA fuel economy estimate of 20 mpg -US (12Ã, L/100Ã, km; 24 mpg -imp ) city and 27 mpg - US (8.7Ã, L/100Ã, km; 32Ã, mpg -imp ) highway. This is better than the previous four-cylinder model with 19 mpg -US (12 L/100 km; 23 mpg -imp )/25 mpg -US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg -imp ).
The same three trim levels offered (Base, Sport, and Limited) until early 2010 when the SE model replaces the Sport model, buyers can still choose between front-drive or all-wheel drive on the V6 platform. Also new is the Electric Power Steering system (EPS). Sport and Limited models get a standard backup camera using a 3.5 inch LCD screen. Key options include leather seats, heated seats, DVD-based touch screen navigation systems, new Smart Key system, enhanced JBL Synthesis stereo, rear-seat DVD entertainment system with 9-inch display, and tow packs that increase towing capacity up to 5000 pounds.
XU40 was originally produced exclusively at Miyata plant in Miyawaka, Fukuoka, Japan for all global markets starting May 2007. Production in China for local sales started on May 25, 2009 by GAC Toyota in Nansha District, Guangzhou, Guangdong. Toyota intends to build a Highlander in Blue Springs, Mississippi for the North American market in 2011 models. However, the Corolla is built there instead, and the Highlander is being built at Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indiana in Princeton, Indiana, from the 2010 model year onwards for the majority of Americans North, replacing Tundra production. Production of TMMI Highlander started in October 2009 for gasoline engine only models; hybrids continue to be imported from Japan until the release of the third generation XU50, where all production except China is consolidated in TMMI.
In Australia, the new generation Kluger was launched in August 2007. There are three classes available, KX-R, KX-S and Grande. All grades are available with 2WD or AWD. The basic model of the KX-R is also available with five or seven seats, while the latter is only seven seats. The specs are mostly similar to the US Highlander, sharing a 3.5 liter V6 engine 2GR-FE and a five-speed automatic transmission. However, there are currently no plans to introduce hybrid versions of Kluger to the Australian market.
2010 update
In 2010, for the 2011 model year, Toyota made several changes to the Highlander and Highlander Hybrid. While the general design remains the same as the 2010 model, the Highlander front end has been significantly revised, now featuring new, new black lights with chrome accent rocker panels, and a new front grille. Non-hybrid engines for 2011 remain the same, though now a 2.7 liter four-cylinder engine can be owned at SE level trim, previously only available on the base model. More standard features are now equipped on all trim levels, with basic models receiving front and rear air conditioning, power lock/window, cruise control, and multi-functional lockless entry control.
Gaya pre-facelift
Gaya pasca-facelift
Keamanan
All models come standard with Vehicle Control Enhanced stability that immediately transforms electric power steering assist/traction control (hybrids come standard with VDIM), anti-lock brakes, brake relief and electronic brake power distribution. Also standard are tire pressure monitors, driver's knee airbags, front seat front mounted airbags, side curtain air bags for all three lines that include rollover sensors and active front headrests. Hill Start Assist Control (HAC) is also a standard that prevents rolling backwards on the slopes, and Downhill Assist Control (DAC) is standard on AWD trims.
IIHS rated the "Good" Highlander overall in their frontal offset collision test, and is good in all subcategories except for "Head/neck," which is rated as "Acceptable". And "Good" as a whole in side impact collision test, with "Good" rating in all nine categories measured. The Highlander is also rated "Good" in a roof strength test, giving it a "top safety pick" rating.
In the Australasian New Car Rating Program (ANCAP) testing Kluger ranked but only rating pedestrian protection.
The safety and effectiveness of the Highlander/Kluger Vehicle Stability Control system has been questioned by several automotive journalists. During the testing for Car of the Year magazine Wheels , the magazine editors toppled the vehicle during a high-speed gravel road test. Noting that it was the first event in the magazine's 45-year history, he criticized the vehicle stability system that states "The shortcomings in ESP Kluger contributed to the accident". Six of the other seven judges also stated that they felt "sub-standard ESP vehicle performance" , and said that the vehicle was "almost dangerous in dirty streets" . In a written response, Toyota questioned the circumstances of the crash and criticized the testing procedure as "unscientific".
Hybrid
The Kluger Hybrid has a Hybrid Synergy Drive from Toyota that continues to allow electrically powered mode only for short distances and speed. Weights and costs have been upgraded from previous hybrids.
The expanded size and new features have led to an increase of 500 pounds for curb weight. All Highlander Hybrids are all-wheel drive, and EPA has rated hybrids at 27 mpg -US (8.7Ã, L/100Ã,km; 32 mpg -imp ) for city ​​and 25 mpg -US (9,4 L/100 km; 30 mpg -imp ) for highway, same as previous model. The Highlander fuel economy, while better than the Lexus RX 400h, lags behind Ford's 4cyl Escape Hybrid, which stops production in 2012, and the latest RX 450h, but still produces far less emissions than the non-hybrid versions with CARB SULEV rating.
Highlander Hybrid continues to use the same 3.3 liter 3MZ-FE V6 (208Ã, hp) offered on AWD from the previous model, its net power is 270 hp (201 kW). VDIM and Electronic-Controlled Brakes retain new features including electrically selectable EV electric driver (if possible) and other ECON modes that limit acceleration and minimize AC during acceleration. Highlander Hybrid Hybrid uses nickel-metal hydride traction battery sealed 1.9 kWh.
For the 2011 model year Highlander Hybrid received a stylish change and improved with 3.5 liter 2GR-FXE V6 (245Ã, hp), increased net power by 10Ã, hp (7kW), and similar powertrain to RX450h. This vehicle is now rated at 28 mpg -US (8Ã, L/100Ã, km; 34 mpg -imp ) for cities, highways and combined cycles.
Highlander FCHV (2007)
It is a test vehicle using compressed hydrogen gas, with an average fuel economy of 68.3 miles/kg (equivalent to mpg).
The vehicle was launched at the 2007 LA motor show.
Chinese version
The Chinese version of Highlander (ASU40/GSU45) was inaugurated in 2009 at the 13th Shanghai International Car Industry Exhibition.
Israel
In mid-2012, Union Motors (Israeli Market Import Company Toyota) announces that it will start importing Highlander by the end of 2012, however, this is delayed until 2013.
Third generation (XU50; 2013-current)
On March 27, 2013, Toyota launched the third generation XU50 Highlander series at the New York International Auto Show, with plans to have the vehicle reach the dealer in early 2014. Production begins on December 5th. This version is longer and wider than the outgoing generation and the design has changed from its box look to something similar to other midsize crossover SUVs.
In addition to the changes, this one will feature seating for eight people with a second entry point line that provides an additional 4.3 inch wide space, soft touch material on the instrument panel, departure lane warning, pre-collision warning monitoring system and blind spot. The HD and Bluetooth radio will be standard on all trims for the US version, which will also be equipped with Entune Toyota multimedia system along with a 6.1-inch touchscreen audio system. The eight inch touchscreen system and the Entune Toyota app suite with 12 JBL speakers will be offered as an optional feature. Three trim powertrains to be offered include a 2.7 liter automatic drive, six-speed, 3.5 liter automatic model, six speeds on both front wheels or all wheels, and AWD-only Trim Hybrid with 3.5 liter V6 mated with eCVT.
The latest Highlander is also approved for use as a New York City taxi.
Update 2016
The updated Highlander model of 2017 comes in March 2016 New York Auto Show with sales starting in the fourth quarter of 2016. In the V6-powered model, eight-speed automatic replaces the revised six-speeder and revised V6 engines (now called 2GR-FKS ) adds Toyota D4-S direct-injection fuel system. The new Highlander has a new fascia with headlights and adjustable rear lights, a new SE class, and an XLE and LE Hybrid class plus new exterior and interior colors.
Gaya pre-facelift
Post-facelift style
Security
- 1 vehicle structure rated "Good"
- 2 power-to-weight ratio: 5.40
Sales
Toyota set a record Highlander sales in the US in 2017, selling 215,775 Highlanders.
References
External links
- Official website for Australia, Canada, China, USA
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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