The Massacre of Haun (also Massacre of Hawn ) is an event in the history of the Latter-day Saint movement. It happened on October 30, 1838, when a gang/militia unit from Livingston County, Missouri attacked the Mormon settlement in Caldwell County, east Missouri, after the Battle of the Crooked River. By far the bloodiest event in the 1838 Mormon War in Missouri, has long been remembered by members of the Latter-day Saint movement. While the spelling "Haun" is common when referring to the slaughter or factory where it occurs; factory owners use the "Hawn" spelling in legal documents.
Video Haun's Mill massacre
Haun's Mill
Haun's Mill is a mill established at the edge of Shoal Creek in Fairview Township Town, Caldwell County, Missouri in 1835-1836 by Jacob Hawn. Hawn is the son of German emigrants to Canada, who resettled in New York where Jacob was born. While Jacob moved to Missouri and set up a mill at the same time as the Mormon migration to Missouri, he was not a Mormon. However, in October 1838 there were about 75 Mormons living along Shoal Creek, about 30 of them around Haun's Mill and James Houston's blacksmith store.
Maps Haun's Mill massacre
Missouri militia
The unlawful militias involved in the massacre were led entirely by Colonel Thomas Jennings, of Livingston County with William O. Jennings (Sheriff of Livingston County), Nehemiah Comstock, and William Gee as captains of three companies. At the time of the attack, the militia consisted of 240 people from the districts of Daviess, Livingston, Ray, Carroll, and Chariton, and included prominent people such as Major Daniel Ashby of the state legislature of Missouri and Thomas R. Bryan, the clerk of Livingston County.
Although the massacre occurred a few days after the Missouri Governor, Lilburn Boggs, issued the infamous Missouri Executive Order ("Extermination Order" of 1838 - canceled on June 25, 1976 by Governor Christopher S. Bond.), Most historians have now concluded that the militia units have the time and opportunity to receive news about the order.
State militia and state legislator Daniel Ashby stated in the Missouri Representative Council that reports of Mormon dissidents caused the attacks of Mill Haun. The opponents of the Mill of Haun's Mill are Robert White, George Miller, and Sardis Smith.
Shortly before the massacre, anti-Mormon robbers seized weapons and weapons from Mormon settlers and immigrants. Some of those living in the surrounding area gathered to Haun's Mill for security.
Armistice
The threat posed by the growing power and animosity of the Missouri militia caused considerable concern among Mormon settlers at Mill Haun. They held a council on Sunday, October 28 and decided to organize defense forces. Thirty-six people were armed and detained in readiness against the attacks. During the board meeting, a group of about ten families of Mormon immigrants from Kirtland Camp arrived in the settlement and camped near the blacksmith shop. That afternoon, one of the militia groups sent a representative negotiating a truce with the settlers. Monday the 29th and most of Tuesday the 30th day pass without incident.
Massacre
On October 30 at around 4 pm, the militia drove to the community. David Evans, a leader in the community, ran toward the militia, waved his hat and called for peace. Warned by the militia approach, most Latter-day Saint women and children flee to the woods in the south, while most of the men head to the blacksmith's shop. Unfortunately, the building is a very vulnerable structure because the very wide trunk allows the attacker to shoot inside. The store became a death trap, because the militia did not give quarters, took out about 100 rifles into the building. Grand River Township Peace Justice Thomas McBride, injured while escaping from a blacksmith shop, hands over his weapon to Jacob S Rogers Jr. who shot him, then hacked his body with a corn knife (sickle knife). According to their own account they fired seven rounds up of 1,600 shots during Haun's Mill attack. The attack lasted 30 to 60 minutes. The sun sets at 5:16.
After the initial attack, some of those who were injured or had given up were shot dead. Militia members entered the shop and found 10-year-old Sardius Smith, 7-year-old Alma Smith (son of Amanda Barnes Smith), and 9-year-old Charles Merrick hiding under a blacksmith's hammer. Alma and Charles were shot (Charles later died), and a militia man known as "Glaze, Carroll County", killed Sardius as he "put his rifle into Sardius's skull and blew his head." Later, William Reynolds would justify the murder by saying, "Nits will make a tick, and if he lives, he will be a Mormon." William Champlin who "played possum" overheard the conversation, was found, detained for several days, and released.
Some other bodies are mutilated, while many women are attacked. Houses were mugged, carts, tents, and clothes stolen, and horses and cattle were turned off, leaving the women and children alive poor.
As a result of the massacre of 17 Mormons died: Hiram Abbott (25), Elias Benner (43), John Byers, Alexander Campbell, Simon Cox, Josiah Fuller (35), Austin Hammer (34), John Lee, Benjamin Lewis (35)) , Thomas McBride (62), Charles Merrick (9), Levi Merrick (30), William Napier (43), George S. Richards (15), Sardius Smith (10), Warren Smith (44), and John York ). Fifteen more injuries: Jacob Foutz (38), Jacob Hawn (34), Charles Jimison (35), Nathan K. Knight (36), Isaac Leany (24), Tarlton Lewis (33), Gilmon Merrill (30), George Myers (29), Jacob Myers Jr. (23), Jacob Potts (25), Hiram Rathbun, Alma Smith (7), Mary Stedwell, John Walker (44), and William Yokum (33). There are some unhurt men, including William Champlin (44), Ellis Eames (48), Rial Eames (25), David Lewis (24), and David Evans (34).
On the morning after sunrise 7:42 am, fourteen people died slipping from the board into an unfinished dry well and covered with straw and a thin layer of soil. The other three - Benjamin Lewis (33), were originally buried in David Lewis farms, then excavated and moved to a local cemetery; Charles Merrick (9) died later and buried elsewhere; and Hiram Abbott (25) was then transferred to his father's place where he died.
Four of the 240 militia members were injured, but none were fatal. John Hart, a Livingston resident, was wounded in his arm. John Renfrow sent his thumb away. Allen England, a Daviess citizen, was badly injured on her thigh. Jacob S. Rogers Jr., a resident of Daviess, was shot in the hip by Nathan Kinsman Knight.
Aftermath
After the massacre, Philo Dibble declared that "Joseph's brother sent a message by Haun, who had a mill, to tell the sisters who lived there to go and go to Far West, but Mr. Haun did not deliver the message."
David Lewis connects "Although we have been advised by Joseph the Prophet to leave the mill and go to Far West, but deceived by the messenger we sent him to the council, we do not understand it, because our messenger told Joseph what we will do that milling, Joseph said gathering all of you and coming to Far West. "What?" said the envoy, Jacob Hawn, the factory owner, "leave the mill and let it burn? We thought we could keep it. "" If you defend it, "Joseph said," you will do as well as you please. "The messenger came back and said if we think we can keep the factory, Joseph's council is for us to do it, if we think not, to come to Far West and we think from the way it is represented, it will be like a coward to go and not try to defend it, and when they agree to make peace we think to gather our house will be in vain, because we do not know that it is the council who decided Joseph for us to do it... "
Apparently Haun had received Joseph Smith's direction to move to Far West but did not convey this direction to one of the others at Haun's Mill. Regarding this issue, Smith noted, "To this day God has given me the wisdom to save those who take advice. No one is killed who lives near my advice." Then he noted that the innocent soul could be saved at Haun's Mill after his advice was accepted and followed.
"Because I am the Lord your God, and will save all of thy brethren pure in heart, and be slain in the land of Missouri, saith the Lord. "
Contingent Captain Nehemiah Comstock of the Livingston militia occupied the factory for nearly three weeks harassing and pillaging the Mormons. Life during the winter of 1838-1839 became the basis of everyday survival. Most families are united until they can make arrangements to move along with the Saints to Illinois. Non-Mormon Harrison Severe, who refused to join the mob, left Mormon. By the end of February 1839, all Mormons had gone. Jacob Hawn moved to Oregon and became a pioneer settler of Yamhill County.
At this and another confrontation between Mormon and the people in the state of Missouri, Mormon sought redress from the federal government, accusing the state of Missouri with involvement in violence against Mormons because of the state's failure to investigate or prosecute those involved.
In 1941, Mr. P.E. Gastineau from Cowgill, Missouri, landowner, permits Mr. Glenn Setzer, a former regional official, to place a warning marker, and hold a program on July 13th.
Until 2012, the base of the massacre was maintained as a historic site by the Community of Christ. In May 2012, it was announced that The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints had acquired the property and the land of the Far West tomb of the Community of Christ.
Depiction in art, entertainment and media
The event was dramatized in the Latter-day Saint film Legacy: A Mormon Journey (1993).
The last verse of the hymn of the How Firm a Foundation played a role in the dark days of 1838 in the settlement of Mill Haun. The words of consolation come to Amanda Smith during times of sadness and tribulation.
The soul that Jesus has leaned to rest, Â Â Â Â Â I will not, I can not, leave his enemies; Â Â Â Â Â The soul, though all hell should try to shake, Â Â Â Â Â I will never, never, will never forget !
See also
- Fountain Green Massacre
- Latter-day Saint Martyrs
- List of massacres in Missouri
- Missouri Executive Command 44
- Mountain Meadows Massacre
- The Salt Creek Canyon Massacre
- Utah War
References
Further reading
Baugh, Alexander L. (Spring 2010), "Jacob Hawn and Massacre Hawn: Missouri milling and Oregon pioneer", History of Mormon Studies , Mormon Historical Site Foundation, 11 (1), OCLCÃ, 722375475 Blair, Alma R. (1992), "Haun's Mill Massacre", in Ludlow, Daniel H, Encyclopedia of Mormonism , New York : Macmillan Publishing, p.Ã, 577, ISBNÃ, 0-02-879602-0, OCLCÃ, 24502140 .Missouri Mormon War
External links
- Transcript of Joseph Young Affidavit from Massacre Haun, Special Collection L. Tom Perry, Library Harold B. Lee, Brigham Young University
- Media related to Haun's Mill on Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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