Sport-utility vehicle ), SUV or sport-ute is an automotive classification, usually a car station wagon/estate with off-road vehicle features such as ground cleaning and elevated roughness, and available four-wheel drive. Many SUVs are built on light truck chassis but are operated as family vehicles, and although designed for use on rougher surfaces, are most commonly used in city streets or highways. In recent years, in some countries the term SUV has replaced terms like "Jeep" or "Land-Rover" in popular lexicon as a general description for lightweight 4WD vehicles.
Many SUVs have an upright body and high interior packaging, high seating position and center of gravity, and available all-wheel drive for off-road capabilities. Some SUVs include a crane capacity from a pickup truck with passenger space from a minivan or a large sedan. More truck-based traditional SUVs are being replaced by SUV body units and crossovers based on regular car platforms for lighter weight and better fuel efficiency. In some countries, especially the United States, SUVs are not classified as cars, but as light trucks.
The SUV overtook the lower-middle segment of the car to become the largest automotive segment in the world by 2015, accounting for 22.9 percent of global light vehicle sales (for 2015), or 36.8 percent of cars passenger world market (Q1-Q3, 2017). Worldwide SUV sales grew from 5 million units in 2000 to 20 million by 2015 and are expected to reach 42 million units by 2031. Became popular in the late 1990s and early & amp; In the mid-2000s, SUV sales declined temporarily due to high oil prices and a declining economy, but in 2010, worldwide SUV sales grew again, regardless of the price of gasoline. The market has strongly opted for a 4/5 door model that supports the historically popular 2-door off-roader.
Video Sport utility vehicle
Definition
English
There is no definition of a sport utility vehicle that is universally accepted. Dictionaries, automotive experts, and journalists use different words and define traits, in addition there are regional variations of use by the media and the general public. Also the automotive industry has not set a definition of SUVs.
Both Merriam-Webster's online dictionary and Collins's online dictionary offer three different words - each . The common Merriam-Webster "sport utility" definition, found under "SUV" (abbreviated) reads: "rugged automotive vehicles are similar to station wagons but built on a light truck chassis (...)" but " for English Students ":" a large vehicle designed for use on rough surfaces but often used in city streets or highways ". In English, the term "4x4" is generally preferred: according to the Collins online dictionary, the utility vehicle (sport) is "a powerful four-wheel drive vehicle that can be driven on rough ground", or in American English: " similar to a station wagon but with a small truck chassis and, usually, a four-wheel drive ", and in English English:" high-powered four-wheel drive car, originally designed for off-road use "; but the quotation cited by Collins is a bit, and this term is not recognized at all by Chambers.
A Hemmings article defines sports utility vehicles as bridging the gap between cars and trucks, "combining appointments such as cars and the practicality of carts with a steady off-road ability"; also mainly emphasizes the grand view - "Jeep calls it a high-chair chair and window-visibility visibility," but the AutoTrader editor concludes that the "SUV" acronym "is still used to describe almost anything with the all-wheel drive available and improved ground clearance. "
In recent years, the term SUV has come in the US to replace the use of "jeep" as a common trademark and description of this type of vehicle, a name that originated during World War II as a hose for mild military purpose light trucks.
United States
Most government regulations only have categories for "off-highway vehicles," which in turn are united with pickup trucks and minivans as "light trucks."
Nevertheless, the four-wheel-drive SUV is considered a light truck in the United States (except for small SUVs, two-wheel-drives, models of 2011 or later) where they are set less stringent than passenger cars since 1975, two laws: the Energy Policy and Conservation Act for fuel economy, and the Clean Air Act for emissions. Starting in 2004, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began holding a sports vehicle for the same exhaust emissions standards as cars.
Many people question "how can an SUV be called a truck?" Although the original definition of the classification of "light trucks" includes pickup and van delivery, usually SUVs and minivans fall into this category because these vehicles are designed to "allow greater cargo-carying capacity than passengers carry volume." US manufacturing, emissions and safety regulations classify "SUVs as trucks"; however, for local licensing and traffic enforcement, "SUVs can be trucks or cars" because the classification of these vehicles varies from state to state. For industrial production statistics, SUVs are calculated in the light truck product segment.
Other markets
This term is not used in all countries, and outside of North America the terms "off-road vehicle", "four-wheel drive" or "four-by-four" (abbreviated as "4WD" or "4ÃÆ' â €" 4 ") or simply using a brand name to describe vehicles like "Jeep" or "Land Rover" more commonly.
In Europe, the term SUV has the same meaning, but newer than in the US only applies to the new road-oriented, where-like "Jeep", "Land Rover" or 4x4 are used for the off-roader oriented. Not all SUVs have four wheel drive capabilities, and not all 4-wheel-drive passenger vehicles are SUVs. Although some SUVs have off-road capabilities, they often only play a secondary role, and the SUV often lacks the ability to switch between two-wheelers and four-tooth high gear and low-gear four-wheel drive. While carmakers praised the off-road SUV's prowess with advertising and naming, the daily use of SUVs mostly on paved roads.
In India, all SUVs are classified under the category of "Utility Vehicles" by definition of Indian Automobile Manufacturers Society (SIAM) and carry excise taxes by 27%. Those with a length of 4 meters (157 inches), have a 1,500 cc engine (92 cuÃ, in) or larger, along with 170 mm mm (6.7 in) ground clearance, subject to a 30% excise tax.
Maps Sport utility vehicle
History
Origin and occurrence
The actual term "Sport Utility Vehicle" did not come into widespread popular use until the late 1980s - before that, the vehicles were marketed during their era as 4-wheel drive, station wagons, or other monikers. Although the Merriam-Webster dictionary lists the first known use as 1969, Crosley markets the "Sport (s-) Utility" model since 1947, for the 1948 model - convertible based on the wagon. Ford first marketed a civil off-roader as a "Sport Utility" in 1966: a two-door pickup from the 1966 Ford Bronco. In 1974, Jeep used the right words "sport (s) utility vehicle" literally in their brochure description of the first-generation Cherokee.
Vehicles like the early SUVs are derivatives of light/wheeled commercial/lightweight vehicles, the most prominent Jeep of World War II, but also 4x4 Dodge WC series trucks ½ tons and ¾-tons trucks. In contrast to the jeep, the larger Dodge 4x4 is built not only as command and open-body surveillance vehicles but also about 8400 ¾-ton 4x4 closed bodied built for the US Army in 1942-1943. The postwar evolution of Dodge from this, the 4WD Wagon Power, is sometimes also paired with a carrier body.
After the war, the first four-wheel drive car sold in the public market was a direct derivation of an ambitious, utilitarian utilitarian short wheelbase model that prioritized the nimble off-road vehicle prowess: the 1945 Willys Jeep and Land Rover 1948, and the Jeep produced in several other countries. However, the Jeep CJ model remains open and initially does not offer doors from the factory. Hard doors and roofs were not even an optional factory equipment until 1976, when the Jeep CJ-7 was launched.
Land Rover initially offered carriage rail stations built in 1949, but the price was expensive and sold less than 700 units. A more affordable closed metal body was launched in 1956, when a 107-inch long wheelbase version (2.72 m) was also introduced.
The first generation of the International Harvester Scout 80 (1960) and Ford Bronco 1966 are also shorter than a 4-meter, off-road-focused vehicle. Although they wore a more sophisticated body design, the rear seats were not available at Scout until 1965, and the rear seats were originally optional equipment in both brands.
The earliest example of a longer wheelbase, a wagon-type SUV (retrospectively retrospective) is a truck-racked station carriage, added by four-wheel drive - first in 1946 Willys Jeep Station Wagon, launches one year before
GAZ-61 Russia, produced in small quantities from 1940, combines a 4-door closed-door steel sedan with an off-roader and drive-train chassis but has no back door, back door, or door, and only for Red Army officers. The Pobeda M-72 (GAZ-M20/1955) - which references Russian credit as perhaps the first SUV with a unity body rather than a body-on-frame construction.
This was followed by a more modern Jeep Wagoneer '(1963), Toyota Land Cruiser FJ-55 (1968), Chevrolet Blazer/GMC Jimmy (1969), International Harvester Scout II (1971), and Land Rover Range Rover (1970).
Authors and journalists have offered various opinions on "the first true SUV". A vehicle often thought to be the 1946 Jeep Station Wagon designed by Brooks Stevens, first offered with four wheel drive in 1949. The aircraft was manufactured in the US until 1965 and entered the 1970s in Argentina and Brazil. The optional 4WD 1956 version of the International Harvester Travelall has been called the first full size SUV . Hemmings Motor News has called the Jeep Wagoneer 1963 an "ancestor of a popular sport utility vehicle" that "combines utility, good looking looks, [and] various surface capabilities," and Four Wheeler magazine called it "the first modern sport utility vehicle".
According to Robert Casey, curator of transportation at the Henry Ford Museum, the 1984 Jeep Cherokee (XJ) is the first true sporting vehicle in the modern sense of the term, although Jeep has used the term literally in their 1974 brochure, since the original SJ Cherokee. Developed under the leadership of François Castaing AMC and marketed to an urban family instead of a traditional car (and especially the train station, which was still quite popular at the time), Cherokee has four wheel drive in a more manageable size (Compared to full size Wagoneer ) as well as a luxurious interior resembling a station wagon. With the introduction of a more luxurious model and a much more powerful 4-liter engine, Cherokee sales increased even higher when gasoline prices fell, and the term "sport utility vehicle" began to be used in the national press for the first time. time. "The emergence and immediate success of the compact four-door Cherokee AMC/Jeep turn the truck industry upside down."
The company's average fuel economy standard (CAFE) was ratified in 1970 to regulate the fuel economy of passenger vehicles. Automakers avoid regulation by selling SUVs as work vehicles. The popularity of SUVs has increased among urban drivers over the last 25 years and especially in the last decade. Consequently, modern SUVs are available with luxury vehicle features, and some crossover models adopt a lower ride height to accommodate driving on the road.
Keith Bradsher explains the emergence of an SUV with American Motors' (AMC) lobbying the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the waiver of the US Clean Air Act. The EPA then designates the Cherokee AMC compact as a "light truck", and the company markets the vehicle to the driver everyday. AMC's efforts to influence regulatory change changed the official definition of their new model then led to an SUV boom when other automakers marketed their own models in response to Cherokee sales from their regular cars.
Increase in popularity
SUVs became popular in the United States, Canada, India, and Australia in the 1990s and early 2000s. US manufacturers can enjoy a profit margin of $ 10,000 per SUV, while losing several hundred dollars for a compact car. For example, Ford Excursion can pour $ 18,000 to the company, while they can not break even with a Ford Focus unless the buyer chooses an option, pushing the top three Detroit auto makers to focus on SUVs rather than small cars.
Higher union costs in the US and Canada compared with lower non-union worker wages in non-US companies such as Toyota, make it unprofitable for American car makers to build small cars in the US. For example, the General Motors plant in Arlington, Texas where rear-wheel drive cars were built, such as the Chevrolet Caprice, Buick Roadmaster, and Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham converted into trucks and SUV production, ending the full-sized family station wagon and the entire production of full-wheel cars drive full size. Due to changes in the Big Three strategy, many long-running cars such as Ford Taurus, Buick Century and Pontiac Grand Prix lag behind their Japanese competitors in features and images (relying more on fleet sales than retail discounts and/or heavy incentive discounts); some discontinued.
Buyers are attracted to large SUV cabins, ride high, and are considered safe. Full size SUVs often offer features like three-row seats, to effectively replace station wagons and minivans effectively. Wagons are seen as ancient. In addition, full-sized SUVs have more attractive capabilities than conventional cars, and can transport trailers, travel trailers (caravans) and boats. Improved ground clearance is useful in climates with heavy snowfall. The very low oil prices in the 1990s helped to reduce operational costs. SUV is one of the most popular vehicle choices for female drivers in the US.
Social scientists have been interested in popular folklore such as urban legends to illustrate how marketers have been able to capitalize on the feeling of power and security offered by SUVs. Popular stories include narrations where the mother saved the family from armed robbery and other incidents by taking off-road cars, for example.
In Australia, SUV sales are aided by the fact that SUVs have much lower import duties than passenger cars, so the price is less than similarly-equipped imported sedans. However, this gap gradually narrowed, and in January 2010 the import duty for cars was lowered to match the 5 percent duty on the SUV.
Sales of SUVs and other light trucks fell in the mid-2000s due to high oil prices and a declining economy. In 2008, General Motors announced plans to close four trucks and an SUV plant, including the Oshawa Truck Assembly. The company cited a decline in major vehicle sales amid rising fuel prices. The business model that focuses on SUVs and light trucks, at the expense of more fuel-efficient compact and medium cars, is blamed for falling sales and profits among Detroit's Big Three manufacturers since the mid-late 2000s. The Big Three is slower to adapt than their Japanese competitors in producing small cars to meet rising demand due to inflexible manufacturing facilities, which makes it unprofitable to build small cars. However, starting in 2010, sales of SUVs and light trucks have begun a rising trend due to lower gasoline prices and North American economic revival. In 2013, General Motors saw sales for its large SUV increase by 74%, making them the largest SUV manufacturer in the United States. However, "small and compact SUVs, when compared to other vehicles in the light truck segment, have made this segment of the vehicle the third highest-selling vehicle segment in the automotive market in 2013." With the massively redesigned GM and Ford Ford introduced in 2014 (for 2015 models), it has seen a bit of awakening among consumers due to better fuel economy and new engines, along with updated and newer features. The rise in popularity of this variation on SUVs is also seen with brands such as Audi, Jeep and Ford creating compact SUVs by 2018 [1]. Positive receipts for the compact SUV were further confirmed when it noted that Volvo XC40, another luxury compact SUV, won the European Car of 2018 [2].
Market dominance
Starting in 2015, SUV sales began to dominate the industry. In 2016, global market researcher Euromonitor International released the news that worldwide SUV sales have jumped 22 percent since 2015. "The SUV is taking over the low-end cars to become the largest automotive segment by 2015, accounting for 22.9 percent of global light vehicle sales. " The fastest growing SUV market in the world in 2014-2015 is: China: Ã, Â ± 47.9 percent; Italy (Ã, Â ± 48.6%), Spain (Ã, 42%), Portugal (Ã, Â ± 54,8Ã,%) and Thailand (Ã,56,4%). According to automotive market researcher Focus2Move, the SUV segment grew to 27 million units by 2016, or 26% of global passenger car sales, updated to 21.6 million sales for Q1-Q3 by 2017, taking 36.8% of the total market. In addition: the 12% growth of the SUV sector is the only growing segment at the global level, and thus is responsible for 2.4% overall growth of the world passenger car market.
In the US, by the end of 2016, sales of SUVs and light trucks have exceeded traditional car sales for the year with more than 3 million units. Manufacturers such as Hyundai have begun reducing their traditional car production in support of SUVs citing sales decline and difficulty competing with other manufacturers.
Euromonitor International in 2016 concluded further:
Design
Although the design varies, the SUV has historically been a passenger vehicle with a separate body on the chassis taken from several types of light trucks, commercial vehicles, pick-up or off-road vehicles. SUVs typically have a two-box design, with front engine compartments, and a configurable cargo and passenger compartment behind it, instead of having separate luggage. Initial SUVs are often two-door open models with removable tops, such as classic Jeeps, or vehicles such as large station wagons, such as carryalls/suburbans or travelalls.
SUVs typically have high ground clearance, large wheels, high bodies (and historically boxed), and upright seating (high point H). This can make them more likely to roll over because of their high center of gravity. The SUV body has recently become more aerodynamic, but its size and weight make the fuel economy worse. Most mid-size and full-size SUVs have three rows of seats with a cargo area just behind the last row of seats. A cargo barrier is often installed in the cargo area to protect passenger vehicles from injury from unsecured cargo in case of a sudden slowdown or collision.
Over time, consumer demand pushed the SUV market largely toward a family-friendly four/five door model. For example, even just a 1991 Chevrolet Tracker mini SUV (4.01 m) in 1991 was a four-door model. 1999 See the final production of SUV Chevrolet Tahoe full-size two-door SUV; and by the end of 2013, Toyota dropped sales of a bad 2-door Land-Cruiser variant. Some of the last two-door SUVs in old school for some time as a carry-over model, but their sales are not worth enough to warrant a redesign at the end of their life cycle. The 2-door SWB of the Mercedes-Benz G-Class ends after 2011, and the Land Rover Defender are all fired in 2016.
Only a few short-body 2-door SUVs are fixed today, such as the tiny but capable Suzuki Jimny. Jeep Wrangler on body-on-frame has continued as a compact two-door body style, but starting in 2007 is equipped with a four-door variant of a longer 20-inch: Wrangler Unlimited. Some relatively new attempts to model the new two-door SUV, the Isuzu VehiCROSS 1997-2001 and the Nissan Murano 2011-2014 convertible, were short-lived and enjoyed only low production figures. The rare exception to this trend is the relatively successful compact Range Rover Evoque for medium size introduced in 2011. The last two models are an example of another trend - they are the unified body construction.
Unity body structure and crossover
Although initially, the SUV is a separate body and chassis construction, virtually without exception, whether they evolve from a short, highly off-road focused design such as the original Jeep/Land Rovers and the like, or from larger heavy-duty carriers (carryalls, suburbans, travelalls etc.), gradually more and more car manufacturers are introducing off-road vehicles and SUVs with integrated or single body frame designs.
Since so much of the history of the SUV can be attributed to the original US jeep, it is relevant to start by mentioning the US military replacement of the Willys Jeep by Ford M151 Ã,¼-ton 4ÃÆ'â € "4 trucks starting in 1959. The Ford M151 jeep has a body and frame construction integrated, produced from 1959, and remained in use until the 1990s In 1977, the production of the Russian Niva Lada began - the first mass-produced civilian off-road vehicle in the world with a unibody architecture. Niva combines a sealed, box-shaped body, like a full off-road hatchback, not only featuring high ground-clearance, but full-time four-wheel drive, high and low gearing transfer cases, and a lockable lock center. The longer five-door five-wheel model was added in the early 1990s and it has been in production for four decades now.
The 1983 compact Cherokee is the first SUV unibody Jeep. However, it is a serious off-road-capable design, using a solid front and rear axle, transfer-case with high and low reach, and either a part-time or full-time 4-wheel drive. Following this, Jeep replaced the honorable SJ Wagoneer with the Grand Cherokee line in 1992, displaying a unibody structure from scratch. Originating from the XJ Cherokee, it also comes with front and rear axles, high and low reach, and 4-wheel drive system part-time or part-time.
Land Rover has completely switched to unibody architecture SUVs, starting with their newer and more compact models - Freelander 1997, its 2014 successor, Discovery Sport, and Range Rover Evoque 2011, all of which are unibodies from scratch - but also on large models, with the 3rd generation Range Rover in 2002, as well as the 2013 Range Rover Sport and Discovery 2017. The latest body-on-frame hold-out, the typical Land Rover Defender, has retired after 2016.
The Japanese manufacturer, Mitsubishi, redesigned 2000 Montero/Shogun/Pajero with a unibody, discarded the previous frame-ladder box, reached a lower center of gravity, 300% torsional stiffness, and longer suspension stroke. Vitara 3 genes Suzuki both switched to unibody in 2005, while still offering four wheel drive that can be selected on the highway with a central differential that can be locked along with low-gear ratio.
SUV market segment classification
- Mini SUV
Mini SUVs (also called subcompact SUVs or subcompact crossovers) are small-class sport utility vehicles. This term usually applies to crossover based on supermini platform (B-segment car in Europe).
- Example: Category: Mini sport SUV vehicle (66)
- SUV Compact
The compact SUV is a smaller SUV class that is generally built with fewer cargo and passenger space, and often with smaller engines producing better fuel economy, the term is often interchangeable with a crossover SUV.
- Example: Category: Compact SUV vehicle (142)
- medium size SUV
Mid-size SUVs are medium-size SUVs whose size is usually between full and compact SUVs. The term is not commonly used outside North America, where full and medium size SUVs are considered to be the same.
- Example: Category: medium size sport vehicle (87)
- full size SUV
Full-size SUVs have larger cargo and passenger space than medium-sized SUVs. Full Size SUVs are usually rated higher security than smaller counterparts.
- Example: Category: Small sport SUV vehicle (61)
- Extended Extended SUV
The long SUV, also sometimes called a long wheel SUV, is a vehicle similar to a full-size SUV, except that this vehicle has a larger cargo space of around 130Ã, in (3.30 m) and a passenger room that can seat up to 8 or 9 people (with third row seating available when folded or removed adding more cargo space). Although this long SUV is mostly sold in North America because of its size and the way it is created and designed differently, this SUV can also be found in other countries, exported to places like the Philippines and the Middle East. The vehicle has a length of 221 (5.61 m) up to 223 in (5.66 m) and can be distinguished by the rear wheel area that does not touch the rear door.
- Example: Category: Extended extended sports utility vehicle (10)
Use in remote areas
SUVs are sometimes driven off-road on farms and in remote areas in places like Outback Australia, Africa, Middle East, Alaska, Canada, Iceland, South America, Russia and parts of Asia that have unlimited paved roads and require vehicles to handle all terrain, increased reach, and storage capacity. The scarcity of spare parts and the need to make rapid improvements result in the popularity of vehicles with minimal electrical and hydraulic systems, such as the basic version of Land Rover, Jeep Wrangler, Nissan Patrol, and Toyota Land Cruiser. SUVs for urban riding have traditionally been developed from their stronger counterparts from all terrain. For example, Hummer H1 was developed from HMMWV, originally developed for the United States military.
Since many SUV owners never use off-road capabilities of their vehicles, newer SUVs (including crossovers) now have lower ground clearance and suspensions designed primarily for asphalt roads.
Some buyers choose SUVs because they have more interior space than sedans of the same size. In areas with gravel roads in summer and snow and ice in the winter, four-wheel drive offers safety advantages because of their traction advantage under these conditions.
SUV vehicles are also gaining popularity in some areas of Mexico, especially in desert areas or in cities where drivers often encounter holes, detours, high water and rough roads. Increased usage is also associated with high number of dirt roads outside the main population centers, resulting in wash boards and mud during the rainy season.
Use in recreation and motorsport
Some highly modified SUVs, along with the rougher off-road counterparts, are also used to explore places that other vehicles can not reach. In Australia, China, Europe, South Africa, South America and the United States at least, a 4WD club has been established for this purpose. Many of the 4ÃÆ' â € "4 mud racing events and other events take place throughout the US organized by clubs and associations.
Modified SUVs also participate in off-road racing competitions, including Dakar Rally, Steel 1000, Rally Cross-Country Rally World Cup, King of the Hammers and Australasian Safari.
Trophee Andros racing ice series is another competition in which the SUV also participates.
Luxury SUV
Many luxury vehicles in the form of SUVs and pickup trucks are being produced. Luxury SUVs are basically a marketing term for selling more luxurious vehicles that may have higher performance, comfort, technology, or brand image. The term is less scalable and verifiable, and it is applied to various sizes and types of SUVs.
Nevertheless, the marketing category was created in 1966 with the fancy Super Wagoneer Kaiser Jeep. This is the first SUV to offer V8 engine, automatic transmission, and luxury car trim and equipment in a serious off-road model. It came with bucket seating, air conditioning, sun roof, and even a vinyl roof. Land Rover followed suit in 1970 by introducing the Range Rover. The trend continues with other competitors adding comfort features to their basic models and their imperfect trucks.
The production of luxury models increased in the late 1990s with vehicles such as the Lincoln Navigator and Cadillac Escalade. This luxury SUV generates a higher profit margin than a non-luxury SUV. For some car makers, luxury SUVs are the first SUV models they produce. Some of these models are not traditional SUVs based on light trucks because they are classified as crossovers.
Luxury SUV class includes a smaller 5-passenger SUV and larger 7-passenger SUV, with luxury features both inside the cabin but also outside. Buyers looking for luxury vehicles that offer more cargo capacity than sedans may prefer a luxury SUV. It is also a vehicle intended for those who prefer the SUV with a bit of style.
Luxury SUVs usually offer the most expected safety features including side airbags, ABS and traction control, and many of them are also equipped with electronic stability control, collision-resistant door pillars, dynamic head control and backup sensor systems.
US News & amp; The World Rank rank and rank are ranked in the middle of premium SUVs and crossovers based on in-depth analysis by their editors who publish ratings, reviews and test drives published. Ratings are based on scores on performance, exterior, interior, safety, and reliability obtained by the vehicle.
Other names
In Australia and New Zealand, the term SUV is not widely used, except by automotive organizations, press, and industry bodies. Passenger-class vehicles designed for off-road use are known as "four-wheel drive", "4WDs", or "4ÃÆ' â €" 4s ". Some manufacturers refer to their products as SUVs, but others find names like XUV, (HSV Avalanche XUV or GMC Envoy XUV) or utility vehicle action (AUV). The term "AWD", or all-wheel drive, is used for any vehicle that drives all four wheels, but may not be designed for off-road use. "Crossover" is a marketing term for vehicles that are four-wheeled vehicles and especially street cars.
In the UK the term "4ÃÆ' â €" 4 "(four-four) is also common, even for unused vehicles in urban areas. "AWD" is not commonly used there. Underprivileged SUVs also take the name of "soft-roader" because when they appear designed to go the road, in many cases they are not actually able to do it.
In Finland the term "katumaasturi" is usually used to designate an SUV. This is roughly translated to road-off-roader, or street-4ÃÆ' â € "4. It marks the difference with so-called" maasturi "which is a vehicle with off-road capability.
In Sweden, the most common term for SUVs is Stadsjeep (Sw) (city jeep) - literally the title of a Swedish article on this topic.
Slang and pejoratives
In Australia, degrading terms, including "Toorak Tractor" and "Mosman taxi" are used to describe vehicles such as Range Rovers used in urban areas rich with fine streets, fine dining, and exclusive designer shopping areas, where off-the-shelf -road is not needed. Those terms refer to the rich suburbs of Toorak, Melbourne, and Mosman, Sydney to name a few. These terms were used at least as early as the late 1980s.
The equivalent term "Chelsea Tractor" became prominent in Great Britain around 2004 to describe vehicles such as luxury SUVs used in urban areas such as Chelsea, London, where their abilities are unnecessary and cars are believed to be a status symbol rather than a necessity.
In the United States, "rank-mall" is an equivalent number.
In Norway, the term "BÃÆ'¸rstraktor" (Stock Exchange Tractor) serves the same purpose.
In the Netherlands they are sometimes called "P.C. Hooft-tractors" after P.C. Amsterdam's Hooftstraat shopping street.
See also
Note
References
Further reading
- Bradsher, Keith (2004). High and Mighty: SUV - The Most Dangerous Vehicle in the World and How They Got That Way . Public affairs. ISBN: 978-1-58648-203-9. Ã,
- Josh Lauer. "Pushed to the Extreme: Fear of Crime and Resurrection of Sport Utility Vehicles in the United States", Crime, Media, Culture , vol. 1, no. 2 (2005), OCLCÃ, 201726443 pp.Ã, 149-168.
- Penenberg, Adam (2003). Tragic Indifference: A Men's Battle with the Car Industry on the Dangers of SUVs . HarperBusiness. ISBN: 0-06-009058-8.
- Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. "Vehicle Size and Weight: Bigger, Larger Vehicles Protect Their Residents Better." (2013, March). Obtained in 2003-11-13.
External links
- Media related to Sport Utility Vehicles (categories) on Wikimedia Commons
- wikibooks: Lifecycle of US UPS Sports Vehicle Sales
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments