The taxicabs of New York City are widely recognized city icons and come in two varieties: yellow and green. Taxis painted yellow canaries ( taxi medallion ) can pick up passengers anywhere in five districts. They painted green apples ( street livery livery vehicles , commonly known as "boro cabs" ), which began appearing in August 2013, allowed to take passengers in Upper Manhattan, Bronx , Brooklyn, Queens (excluding LaGuardia Airport and John F. Kennedy International Airport), and Staten Island. Both types have the same tariff structure. The taxi is operated by a private company and licensed by the Taxi and Limousine Commission (TLC) of New York City. He also oversees over 40,000 other rented vehicles, including "black cars", commuter vans, and ambulets.
The taxi vehicle, each must have a medal to operate, driven an average of 180 miles per shift. On March 14, 2014, there were 51,398 people licensed to move the medal taxi. There are 13,605 licenses of existing taxicab medals. In July 2016, that number dropped slightly to 13,587 medals, or 18 lower than the total 2014. Taxi benefits have declined since 2011 because of competition from rideshare services.
The medal system was created in 1937 because the government imposed restrictions on the supply of taxis, which required a "medal" to be purchased for the right to operate a taxi. After that, New York did not sell any medals until 1996, when it auctioned a little over 2,000. The lack of a new medal resulted in such deficiencies by 2014 selling more than $ 1 million each, with around 14,000 medals available. Since then, the increase in rideshare vehicles, which number more than 63,000 by 2017 has drastically reduced the medal market price.
As of September 2012, there are about 7,990 hybrid taxi vehicles, representing nearly 59% of the taxis in operation - the most in every North American city. Nissan NV200 won the city bid to become a "Taxi of Tomorrow" to replace most of the city's taxi fleet, with its introduction scheduled for October 2012. Nevertheless, this decision has faced several lawsuits and criticisms, with NV200 subject to comparison with more effective models cost and widely adopted. On March 14, 2014, 6,000 Hail License (SHL) licenses were issued, 20% of which had to be used with wheelchair-accessible vehicles, with 4,478 Street Hail Livery vehicles already in use at the time.
Video Taxicabs of New York City
Industry
All kinds of taxis are licensed by the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission (TLC), which oversees rental vehicles, taxis, commuter vehicles, and paratransit vehicles. The iconic taxicabs have two colors. The apple green taxi, called a hail livery vehicle or "boro cab," operates just outside Manhattan's central business district, excluding John F. Kennedy International Airport and LaGuardia Airport. The taxi begins operating in August 2013, with 18,000 licenses added in three 6,000 waves; the first group of 6,000 licenses added in 2014. The yellow "medal" taxicabs can take anywhere in the city, and number 13,437 licenses by 2014.
TLC oversees over 90,000 rental vehicles, including "black cars"; "car livery"; commuter "dollar van"; luxury limousine; and paratransit vehicles. Black cars can not be praised in the street, but sent by the parent business. These businesses typically use luxury cars like Lincoln Town Car because their business clients are almost exclusive, and drivers usually earn less than 10% of their income in cash. There are about 500 base stations for black cars, comprising a total fleet of 25,000 vehicles, by 2014 TLC Factbook. Car livery is similar to a black car, but it is used by more people. There are 80 livery bases and 10,000 livery vehicles by 2014. The commuter vehicles carry more people, usually between 9 and 20 passengers per trip. The license of commuter vans is held by 50 entities, which collectively have 500 vehicles, by 2014. Luxury limousine providers and private paratransit companies number 200 each in 2014, collectively chartering 7,000 luxury limousine vehicles and 2,000 paratransit vehicles.
The average hourly gross income for a medal rider in 2015 is $ 30.41, excluding tip, according to TLC Factbook 2016. Boro (green) taxi driver earns $ 20.63, also excluding tip. Curfew is usually more profitable. The Taxi Medal makes between 300,000 and 400,000 trips per day, while the Green Taxi, which hit the road in New York City in 2013, averages nearly 50,000 per day. While TLC does not regulate certain shifts, the morning shift for medal taxis usually starts at 6:30 am, and the night shift often begins at 5:15 pm. Friday night's peak trip for a medal taxi, and Saturday night for the Green Taxi.
There are approximately 143,674 taxis and rental vehicles licensed by TLC in 2015, according to the 2016 Factbook. These include 13,587 Medallion Taxicabs; 7,676 taxi boro; 38,791 black cars; 21,932 car livery; 288 commuter van; and 2,206 paratransit vehicles. Passengers in New York City can arrange trips using smart phone apps with yellow cabs, Boro (green) taxis, and rental vehicles. Each type of TLC licensed vehicle has its own set of guidelines regarding application usage, and TLC has adopted new rules that codify these standards. Any company that wants to operate a point-to-point lease service in five areas, whether through app or phone call, requires a TLC license to operate. They should also work only with TLC licensed drivers and vehicles.
TLC licensed drivers reported 167 different countries as their birthplace in the 2000 US Census, and all TLC drivers in 2000, 84% were immigrants, up from 64% reported in 1990 and 38% reported in 1980. That year , about 18% of drivers identify their birthplace as Bangladesh, a country where most taxi drivers report themselves to be born. Drivers who provide application-based services are most often identified as being born in South Asia and the Caribbean/West Indies. In addition, 97% of New York City taxi drivers reported themselves as men and only 2.5% to 3% were self-reported as women. This is largely in effect by 2015, where the largest number of TLC drivers, about 14%, identifies their birthplace as Bangladesh, followed by 12% of the Dominican Republic; 9% each from the United States and Pakistan; and 6% from India. By 2015, about half of the hired traditional vehicle drivers are from the Dominican Republic, and almost a quarter of the medal drivers come from Bangladesh. In addition, most TLC drivers are male, with female TLC drivers consisting of 1% of medalion taxi drivers to 4% of application-based vehicle rental drivers. The average TLC driver is middle-aged, with an app-based driver who has an average age of 39 and all other drivers who have an average age of 46-47.
TLC has a Driver Safety Honor Roll that recognizes the safest Taxi and For-Hire Vehicle driver in New York City. The drivers in Honor Roll are not accidents involving casualties or injuries, no traffic violations, and no breach of any KLT-related safety regulations for five years or more.
Hailing
The medal cabin (yellow) is concentrated in the Manhattan area, but it can be praised anywhere in all five districts of New York City and can be praised with uplifted hands or by standing in a taxi stand. Boro cabs in "green apple" colors can be praised just outside the borough (except at the airport) and in northern Manhattan.
Prior to 2011, the availability of a taxi was shown by the lights at the top of the car. When no lights are turned on, the cab will be occupied by passengers. When only a central light indicating the medal number is turned on, the cabin will be empty and available. When the inscription OFF and TASK on both sides of the medal number is turned on, with the medal number die, the cab will be off duty and not accept passengers. However, when the OFF and DUTY inscription is turned on and the medal number is still lit, the taxi will not be on duty but the driver may choose to take the passenger in the same direction as the driver. In the fall of 2011, TLC announced plans to replace the three-light system with simple indicators, whether taxis are available. In 2012, TLC simplifies further light systems, with flaming roof lights indicating that taxis are available and dark lights indicate that taxis are unavailable regardless of whether they have passengers or are off duty. It also starts pegging a $ 100 driver to pick up passengers without the lights on, unless the driver takes the last passenger off their shift.
As well as the livery lamps, there are additional round amber lights mounted on the left side of the trunk, as well as the yellow lights on the front of the cab, usually hidden from the view behind the grille. When activated by the driver, this "flashing light" flickers to call the police.
Maximum of four passengers can be done in most taxis, although larger minivans can accommodate five passengers, and one child under seven years can sit in the adult's lap in the backseat if the maximum has been reached. Drivers are required to take the first or closest passengers they see, and should not refuse travel to destinations anywhere in the five areas, neighboring Westchester or Nassau, or Newark Liberty International Airport. TLC conducts incognito operations to ensure taxi drivers are not involved in racial profiling or discriminating passengers calling taxis.
There are mobile apps designed to help people find, call and share cabs in New York City:
- In March 2010, Sense Networks released CabSense. The iPhone/Android phone app uses location data collected from the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commissions to predict which angle in New York City is best for finding and hailing cabs at a certain hour every day of the week.
- Carmel released its Mobile App in 2012, allowing customers to book car services throughout New York City. This application complies with all state regulations and has won the approval of the Commission and the Limousine Commission.
- The Hailo App, using technology by VeriFone allows users to call cabs and receive automatic payments (including tips) using their smartphone.
- The GetTaxi or Gett application allows users to call a cab to its location and pay automatically through the app. Gett also offers $ 10 in Central Manhattan.
The majority of electronics originated in 2016 originated from northern Brooklyn; Upper East and Upper West Sides in Manhattan; Astoria, Queens; and East Village, Manhattan. By 2015, TLC recorded 7 million trips in 541 wheelchair-accessible vehicles, up from 6 million in the previous year.
Price
On September 4, 2012, prices start at $ 2.50 ($ 3.00 between 8:00 pm and 6:00 am, and $ 3.50 during peak hours of weekdays from 4:00 to 8:00 pm) and an increase based on mileage and time spent in slow traffic (50 cents for every fifth of a mile or every 50 seconds stopping or traveling under 12 miles per hour). An additional 50 Â ¢ tax added to all trips in New York City. For trips to Nassau and Westchester County, the tariff is the metered tariff from the point of origin to the city limits, then twice the metered tariff from the city limits to the destination. All trips between Manhattan and John F. Kennedy International Airport are charged a flat rate of $ 52. All trips to Newark Airport are subject to metered rates plus $ 17.50. Passengers also have to pay for every part of the journey where taxis are driven on the highway. Taxis must have E-ZPass tags, and passengers pay the discounted E-ZPass toll rates.
In 1999, 241 million passengers boarded a New York taxi. The average taxi fare in 2000 was $ 6; the passengers paid a total of more than $ 1 billion in tariffs that year. In 2006, that number remained unchanged at about 240 million annual passengers.
According to an April 2011 study by Chicago Dispatcher , New York City taxis have relatively low standard rates, which charge about $ 14.10 for a five mile span and a five-minute wait (compared to $ 18.48 in West Hollywood and $ 12.87 in Houston). Taxi drivers are not allowed to use cell phones while carrying passengers, even though they use hands-free headsets, even though these are largely ignored by drivers.
In 2006, drivers earned an average of $ 158 after a 12 hour shift, but this figure has declined in subsequent years, given that more medals have been leased since then.
Maps Taxicabs of New York City
History
Taxi Medal
The late 1890s
The first taxi firm in New York City was Samuel Wagon and Electricity Company (ECWC), which started running 12 electric hansom taxis in July 1897. The company operated until 1898 with up to 62 taxis operating until reformed by its investors to form the Vehicle Company Electricity. The company then built an Electrobat electric car, and had up to 100 taxis operating in total in 1899.
1899 also saw some of the first things worth noting for the Electric Vehicle Company. On May 20, 1899, Jacob German, driving an electric taxi received the first speeding ticket in the United States. Later that year, on September 13, Henry Bliss became the first victim of an automotive accident in the United States when she was hit by an electric taxi as she helped a friend from a tram.
In the early 1900s the Electric Vehicle company ran up to 1,000 electric taxis on New York City streets until, in January 1907, a fire destroyed 300 vehicles which, together with Panic of 1907 caused the company to collapse.
Beginning of the 20th Century
In 1907, following the collapse of the Electric Vehicle Company, the horse-drawn cab once again became the main means of transportation around New York City. In early 1907, Harry N. Allen, furious after being billed five dollars ($ 131.32 in dollars today) for a journey of 0.75 miles (1.21 km), decided "to start [taxicab] services in New York and put on cost so much per mile. " Later that year he imported 65 gasoline-powered cars from France and started the New York Taxicab Company. The cabin was originally painted red and green, but Allen repainted all the yellow colors to look from a distance. In 1908 the company was running 700 taxis.
Within a decade, more and more companies opened businesses and taxis began to multiply. The tariff is 50 cents per mile, the tariff is only affordable for the relatively wealthy.
In the 1920s, automakers like General Motors and Ford Motor Company began operating the fleet. The most successful manufacturer, however, is the Checker Cab Manufacturing Company. Founded by Morris Markin, Checker Cabs produces a large yellow and black cab that became the most common taxi in New York City.
1930s
During the Great Depression, New York had as many as 30,000 taxi drivers. With more drivers than passengers, taxi drivers work longer which causes increased public attention over maintenance and mechanical integrity of taxi vehicles. To solve this problem, the city was supposed to create a taxi monopoly, but the plan was abandoned after New York Mayor Jimmy Walker was accused of taking bribes from Parmelee Company, the largest taxi company.
In 1937, Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia signed the Haas Act which introduced the official taxi permit and medal system that is still valid today. The law limits the total number of taxi licenses to 16,900, but the number shrank to 11,787 licenses, remaining the same for the next six decades.
1960s
In the 1960s, New York City encountered many problems in other cities. Racism and racial tensions are rising. As a result, a rapidly growing private livery service industry emerged. Unofficial drivers are forbidden to pick up people on the street, but they easily find business in underserved neighborhoods.
In 1967, New York City ordered all "medallion taxis" painted yellow to help reduce unauthorized drivers and make official cabs more recognizable. New Departure's president's wife, Nettie Rockwell, is very fond of yellow and therefore the color of the new Rockwell cab. The Rockwell Service Cab became Taxicab Yellow when Mrs. Rockwell chose it as a color choice for the car.
1970s
The New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission (TLC) was established in 1971 with jurisdiction over medallion taxis (yellow), taxi livery, "black cars", commuter vans, parulransit vehicles (ambulettes), and several luxury limousines. His predecessor was the New York City Hacker Bureau, operated under the supervision of the New York City Police Department. The TLC inspector is a New York State peace officer.
In the 1970s and 1980s, crime in New York City became very severe. Cabbies are often robbed, wounded, or killed. Despite the widespread use of bullet-proof taxi partitions, introduced in 1967, seven taxi drivers were killed and 3,000 were robbed in the first nine months of 1970. The regulator's response was to argue that "continuous violent crime against taxi drivers" (though mandate partitions) new "lock-box". The requirement was abandoned, quietly, after realizing that in response, the taxi itself in the city was stolen.
In the mid-1970s there was a shortage of drivers, and as many as a fifth of the taxis were in the garage at any given time. Drivers only need to take a test to show evidence that they understand English; showing knowledge of 29 major corridors and 168 routes to famous landmarks; and can show locations from ten to fifteen landmarks, using the geographic directories provided during the tests. Despite the fact that many potential suitors do not know the location outside Manhattan well, almost all applicants pass the exam. In 1975, although TLC released 40,000 licenses annually, there was a high proportion of new drivers: less than a third of the 40,000 licenses were refurbished by already working taxi drivers, while two-thirds of the licenses were issued for new drivers.
1980s
From the mid-1980s to the 1990s, demographics changed between taxi drivers as new immigrant waves arrived in New York City. According to the 2000 US Census, of 62,000 taxi drivers in New York City, 82% were born overseas: 23% came from the Caribbean (Dominican Republic and Haiti) and 30% came from South Asia (Bangladesh, India and Pakistan). ).
Throughout the 1980s, working conditions for taxi drivers changed because crime in New York City was restricted. In addition, license medal fees are increased and fewer taxis have their taxis.
During the 1980s, the production of the iconic Checki Taxi Cab stopped even though many were still operating. Chevrolet Caprice and Ford Crown Victoria became the industry's top choice, with previously used police cruisers providing a stable supply for the taxi fleet.
1990s
On October 26, 1993, thousands of taxi drivers used their taxis to block traffic in protest against the number of taxi drivers who had been killed: 35 taxi drivers had been killed throughout the year, and 45 had been killed the previous year.
In 1996, Chevrolet stopped making Caprice. Ford Crown Victoria became the most widely used sedan for yellow cabs in New York. In addition, yellow taxi operators also use Honda Odyssey, Isuzu Oasis, Chevrolet Venture, Ford Freestar, and Toyota Sienna minivans, which offer increased passenger space. Different Taxi Checker Cabins, due to durable construction, slowly stalled. The latter was retired in July 1999, after more than 20 years of operation and with nearly a million miles on its odometer. The law since 1996 requires that taxis be replaced every six years regardless of conditions; this increased to seven years in 2015.
In the same year, TLC began Operation Refusal, undercover disguise operation was made to overcome the suspected phenomenon of denial of service. In 1998, TLC enacted a regulatory reform package, inspired by Mayor Rudy Giuliani, which included an enhanced standardized structured driver framework. In 1999, actor Danny Glover filed a complaint with TLC, after he was allegedly refused service by a New York taxi driver. This resulted in the massively publicized Action Expulsion on drivers suspected of discriminating against certain passengers, sometimes for races, but much more often because of passenger destinations.
Many taxi drivers protested against the new rules sought by the administration of Giuliani. In 1998, their activity formed a new trade union base taxidrivers, New York Taxi Worker Alliance. Under the leadership of Bhairavi Desai, the union grew to fifteen thousand members (estimated 2011), representing nearly a third of all licensed taxi drivers in the city. Giuliani's persecution also led to a series of successful lawsuits against the city and TLC. In 2000, a federal judge ruled that the NYPD had violated the taxi driver's First Amendment right by refusing to let drivers engage in peaceful protests against the new rules. TLC also lost a series of cases in state courts, to enforce the rules without allowing notices and comments. In 2000, another federal judge ruled that Operation Refusal Denies violated the legal process rights of the taxi. In 2004, the TLC inspectors felt embarrassed when they handcuffed and captured 60 Minutes reporter Mike Wallace, accusing him of disorderly behavior for allegedly acting aggressively against the TLC Inspector in defense of his driver. In 2006, the city was forced to resolve the remaining aspects of the Cessation of Operations case. Under the settlement, TLC agreed to pay a group of 500 taxi drivers $ 7 million.
To encourage the use of larger passenger seatbelts to prevent partition-related injuries, TLC instituted the "Celebrity Talking Taxi" program in 1997, using a celebrity audio message to urge passengers to link and receive receipts to the conclusion of the trip. The messages proved unpopular by both drivers and motorists, as TLC learned after conducting an online survey of the program in the fall of 2002. Based on the strength of the results, the Commission officially ended the program in February 2003.
In 1996, the number of medals changed for the first time in 60 years. TLC added 133 new licenses, bringing the total to 11,920. Since 1996, more medals have been added to the fleet so the number of taxi licenses to 13,237 in 2009.
2000s and 2010s
Changes to taxi
In 2005, New York introduced an incentive to replace its current yellow cab with electric hybrid vehicles such as the Toyota Prius and Ford Escape Hybrid. In May 2007, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg proposed a five-year plan to divert New York City taxes to more fuel-efficient hybrid vehicles as part of the New York City agenda to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the plan was canceled after taxi companies complained that the cost of maintaining new hybrid vehicles was far greater than the small amount of fuel savings they get from the smaller. The supporters of the traditional Lincoln Town Car and Ford Crown Victoria say they are well suited for their job, while others say eco-conscious customers prefer hybrids. Not only that, but passenger safety is also a problem with newer vehicles, and 6 months after the program goes into effect, it is dropped. However, the proportion of the taxi fleet consisting of Crown Victorias has declined over time. In 2010, it stands at about 60% of yellow cabs, as the number of Ford Escape Hybrid and Toyota Sienna minivans continue to increase. The percentage of Crown Victoria taxis in the city will be further reduced by the adoption of similar Toyota Camry Hybrids since 2010, and the Toyota Prius V. By 2015, Ford Crown Victoria's fleet will be almost entirely replaced.
Initially, before October 2007, the Yellow NYC taxi featured a tariff sticker on the front door and the words "NYC Taxi" and the medal number on the back door. As of September 30, 2007, all decals of yellow cabs were redesigned. The cabins are easily identifiable by medal numbers followed by checker patterns in the left and right rear fenders, futuristic tariff panels on the back door, and the "NYC Taxi" retro logo on the front door, with yellow T in dark circles. In August 2012, TLC stopped design supporting one that dropped "axi," leaving only the NYC logo and the T-circle. Detailed tariff information on the back door is also replaced, replaced by a simple statement about metered fares except traveling to JFK Airport, where flat rates are charged.
TLC also mandated that by the end of January 2008 all taxis must be equipped with a Passenger Information Monitor which is a screen on the back seat that can provide entertainment, direct GPS location maps, and used to pay for the ride with a credit card swipe. The drivers will have an electronic Information Driver Monitor where messages can be sent to them notifying them of traffic conditions and facilitating retrieval of lost objects. Some taxi drivers who objected to the cost of the device (estimated between $ 3,000 and $ 5,000 each) voluntarily struck on 5 and 6 September and 22 October in 2007. The city implements a "zone pricing" structure during the day and strikes have an impact on the city according to officials.
In February 2011, New York City had about 4,300 hybrid taxis, representing almost 33% of 13,237 taxis in service, and about 7,900 in September 2012, representing 59% of the operating taxis - the most in every North American city.. In mid-2009, owners began to stop their original hybrid fleet after they collected between 300,000 and 350,000 miles per vehicle. Two attempts by the Bloomberg government to enact policies to force the replacement of all 13,000 New York taxis for hybrids in 2012 were blocked by court decisions, and on February 28, 2011, the United States Supreme Court refused to consider appeals by the city.
Taxi of Tomorrow
In 2007, city officials outlined a project to replace the existing Ford Crown Victoria taxi - which was discontinued in 2011 - and other taxis by 2014. By mid-2011, TLC will award exclusive contracts to sell and serve taxis in New York City for 10 year. Karsan, Nissan, and Ford's offer are three finalists, and all their designs are based on smaller vans than sedans. The Karsan design was later rejected due to doubts whether the company could "execute the project". In the end, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced the design of Nissan as the winner to replace 13,000 yellow city taxis, which will be phased in over five years starting in 2013.
- Finalists For Taxis Tomorrow
In August 2013, manufacturing has begun in Cuernavaca, Mexico, where NV200 shares are also assembled. The design features include space for four passengers, transparent roof panels, independently controlled rear air conditioning, an activated carbon-covered headliner to help neutralize the smell of the interior, along with an easy-to-clean antimicrobial seat cushion, reading lamps above, floor lighting, mobile charging stations power, including a 12-volt electrical outlet and two USB ports, a flat passenger floor, an "annoying" horn with exterior lights that show honking sounds, a loudspeaker system, intercom lights and a signaled exterior when the door opens.
In 2011, New York City was sued by the United Spinal Association for choosing an inaccessible "taxi tomorrow". The Department of Justice issued a "Statement of Interest", which was sent to the court of the NY Federal District, stating that, if the city does not mandate a wheelchair-accessible taxi cab as "taxi tomorrow", it would be a violation of Americans With Disabilities Act. On 3-5 November 2011, at the TLC public design show inviting people to try parked prototypes, Taxi For All Campaigns put up a "Roll-In" protest. Under the eyes of the news media outside the Flatiron Building on Broadway on Fifth Avenue, wheelchair users try in vain to use the taxi of the future. Bloomberg Mayor's ongoing initiative to amend legislation, so licensed livery cabs can take walks as well as yellow medallions taxis, require the approval of the Governor; but Governor Andrew Cuomo opposes City's choice of a yellow cab that is not accessible to a wheelchair. Thus, a compromise plan was announced in December 2011: the next 4,000 medals must go to an accessible taxi, and the Governor will ratify the Mayor's initiative to let the livery car compete for the award.
The full car version of the Nissan NV200 van may be available in 2017. However, to test the concept, Nissan sponsors a pilot program with six Nissan Leaf electric cars and their charging stations, deployed to study the use of zero-emission electric vehicles as taxis. The Leafs was originally scheduled to be deployed in 2012, one year before the Nissan NV200 taxi is scheduled to be introduced. The pilot program was launched in April 2013, and by June 2013, only four Leafs provide taxi service in the city. However, in December 2014, the number of new NV200 taxis in New York City remained low.
The deployment of Tomorrow of Tomorrow in the city will produce almost all existing fleets, of which about 6,000 are hybrid electric vehicles, which will be replaced within 3 years with a non-hybrid Nissan NV200 passenger van. Only about 1,000 taxis will be excluded for various reasons, such as 273 taxis requiring medals that they become high mileage vehicles. However, in early 2013, the Greater Taxi Association of New York filed a lawsuit against the city on the grounds that Tomorrow's Tomorrow plan violated the administrative section of the city because the Nissan NV200 is not a hybrid. In May 2013, a US Supreme Court judge blocked the Bloomberg administration's plan to introduce the Taxi of Tomorrow, ruling that it violated New York City regulations requiring hybrid options for taxi operators. City officials are not against the judge's verdict. In June 2013, the Taxi and Limousine Commission approves a set of customized rules in an effort to introduce the Taxi of Tomorrow as scheduled in October 2013. In accordance with the customized rules, only hybrids with large interiors of at least 130Ã, Â ° C (3,700 Ã, L) will allowed. Taxi operators complain that the only dutiful hybrids are very expensive. A commission spokesman noted that the Toyota Prius v is available for US $ 26,650 , about US $ 3,000 less than NV200. The other two hybrids, which comply with the rules, are the Lexus RX450h ( US $ 46,310 ) and the Toyota Highlander Hybrid ( US $ 41,410 ).
Street hail livery vehicle (boro taxi)
Historically, only yellow medallions taxis were allowed to pick up passengers in response to hailstones. TLC also arranges and licenses to rent a vehicle, known as a "car service" or "taxi livery," which is prohibited from taking a walk (though this rule is less frequent in the area outside of Manhattan) and is supposed to choose only customers calling service personnel car and ask for car. Following the state law passed in 2011, TLC voted in April 2012 to allow livery cabs to be licensed to make pick-ups in the outer and northern Manhattan districts, a rule in effect from the summer of 2012. The implementation was postponed with litigation, but on June 6 2013, the New York Court of Appeals, State Supreme Court, finds that taxicabs regulation is of interest to the state of interest, and therefore the New York Legislature has acted in its right when authorizing a new one. class taxis. The Taxi and Limousine Commission plans to authorize up to 6,000 taxis per year for three years, eventually creating a total of 18,000 green taxis. They first appeared in August 2013.
Participating drivers have to paint their car and the Taxi logo and information printed, as well as an affiliated base on the back side, and cameras, meters and GPS are added. GPS will not allow the meter to work if the cabin starts in Manhattan under East 96th or West 110th streets, and at the airport.
Approved taxi model
By 2017, there are several models approved for use as a medalist taxi in New York City. Until now, there are currently no restrictions on the brands and models for boro taxis.
Although medallion taxis in the city are always yellow and boro cabs are green, car service vehicles may be anything but yellow; they are usually black and sometimes called the "black car" service. Regardless of the de jure ban to pick up passengers who come on the road, some livery taxis do it anyway, often to make extra money. When the livery taxi works on the road pick-up, it becomes known as a "gypsy taxi." They are often found in areas that are not routinely visited by medallions taxis, and authorities tend to ignore the practice rather than leaving the city section without taxi service.
Crash Test
In 2012, New York taxis are only tested before they are equipped as taxis. However, the new "Taxi of Tomorrow", Nissan NV200, will also have crashed partitions when installed in the vehicle.
Medal
The Medallion taxi is named after a medal issued by TLC and attached to a taxi hood.
On March 14, 2014, there were 51,398 men and women licensed to move a medallion taxi. There are 13,605 licenses of existing taxicab medals. The taxi vehicle, each must have a medal to operate, driven an average of 180 miles per shift. The average total number of annual taxi passengers is 241 million. In July 2016, that number dropped slightly to 13,587 medals, or 18 lower than the total of 2014. But the number of drivers in April 2016 dropped dramatically to 30,488, caused by the exodus of drivers who went driving for the services of transport network companies like Uber and Lyft.
Numbering system
There are currently 13,347 regular medals, running from 1A10 to 9Y99, and include 136 SBV ("Standby Vehicle"), and TLC1 and TLC3 licenses. The series of letters runs from 10 to 99, then progresses to the next letter, skips I, O, Q, R, S, X, Z. After Y, the first digit is advanced. The number plate has a medal number variation. The numbers given to boro cab are not the medal numbers, but the TLC Street Hail Livery license numbers consisting of two letters are followed by three numbers. Both letters were developed from AA, AB, AC, etc. Until all boro taxi numbers with the first letter as "A" run out in AZ series. Letters later developed into BA, BB, BC, etc. The number plate retains the previous number as a livery cab.
The New York City Police Department operates a fleet of five undercover cabs. This vehicle operates with a medal that begins with 2W or 6Y.
Logistics
Medallions were first published in 1937 when the city created a licensing scheme, setting the number of taxis at 11,787. This amount remained until 1996. Because the medal system artificially limits the number of taxis, it has been criticized as a barrier to the New York City taxi market which in turn created a black market for illegal taxi operations in areas not served by medals. taxi. Because the medal rentals charge is so high, the system can cut driver's revenue and increase costs for passengers. On the other hand, some transportation analysts argue that unimpeded cities entering the taxi market end up with the number of unkempt taxis. They say that the medal system helps the city to better organize taxis and allow the city to raise the standard of all taxis.
Medals sold from the City on a rare auction, or by the medal owner. They raised the price from about $ 2,500 in 1947 to $ 280,000 in 2004. The medals, which can be sold for a $ 10 renewal fee during the 1930s, are now worth hundreds of thousands of dollars, with fleet medals reaching $ 1,000 In 2011. In the year 2013 to 2014, the value is about 1 million to $ 1.3 million. By comparison, in 2004, a taxi driver had an average annual gross income of $ 90,747 and a net profit of $ 49,532. Due to high historical prices, medals (and most taxis) are owned by investment companies and leased to drivers ("hack"). An auction was held in 2006 in which 308 new medals were sold. In the 2006 auction, 254 was designated as a hybrid taxi and 54 were designated as taxis accessible to ADA. Between November 2013 and February 2014, the city auctioned 368 new medals, all of which were all allocated for use in wheelchair-accessible vehicles.
Starting in 2011, the medal price drop is very likely due to competition from the ride-share service. In October 2016, the medal price has dropped to around $ 500,000 in value, with one medal dropping to $ 250,000. There was also a decrease in taxi usage: in November 2016, there were 336,737 daily trips worth $ 4.98 million, a decline of 463,701 daily trips netting $ 5.17 million in November 2010. However, in mid-2016, after a five-year drop, the use of taxis began to increase again. Because of this competition, the owner of the medal sued the city and Uber in November 2015. By 2017, 60,000 vehicles share in New York City exceeds the number of city medal cars with a ratio of nearly 4 to 1, and many medal owners face the prospect of bankruptcy or heavy debt because of the price low medal, which some entities are willing to buy. Medal holders have difficulty making payments on loans they borrow to pay for medals.
Over the years, many medals once owned by individual drivers are sold to large taxi fleets. In 2012, about 18% of all taxis are operated by the owner, while the remainder is leased; this is a decrease from the 29% ownership level in 2006. In addition, some taxi drivers may start their shifts by indebted to the taxi fleet company that employs them, so they can spend most of their day trying to earn a net profit.
In popular culture
In the literature:
- Taxi Secret: Life, Death and Revelation 3 am in New York City Cabin , by Amy Braunschweiger, Austin, TX: Octane Press, 2009
- Social History from New York City's Cabdriver , by Graham Russell Gao Hodges, Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007
- King Lear of the Taxi: New York City Actor/Taxi Driver Combination, Davidson Garrett, New York: Advent Purple Press, 2006
In music:
- In 2012, Estonian singer Getter Jaani produced a song titled "NYC Taxi", mapped out at number 30 on the Estonian music charts.
Miscellaneous
- It is believed that one of Harry N. Allen's Taxicabs made one of the first roads to come, a pickup at the opening of the Plaza Hotel in 1907. But he left the Taxi business in 1908 for seven weeks. strikes the driver.
- Some of the original New York City Taxicabs are powered by electricity. Electrobat, whose battery weighs more than 800 pounds, is a popular car until its garage is burned down in a blazing fire.
- A toaster was once required in the Taxicabs tract to prevent them from bringing the corpse, according to "Taxi! Social History from Cabdriver New York City."
- TLC has acted as a technical consultant for major TV and movie shows involving taxi use, such as Friends , Conspiracy Theory , and Bone Collector .
- Andy Warhol takes about six taxis a day to open the gallery and travel to his factory, his diary. He regularly spends $ 20 or more on a day's taxi in the 1980s, saying "Taxi! Social History from Cabdriver City of New York."
- One famous driver of TLC, Robert de Niro, worked twelve hours a day for a month to drive a taxi in preparation for the movie "Taxi Driver" in 1976.
See also
- Transportation in New York City
- Yellow cabin
References
Further reading
- "Taxicab Factbook 2014" (PDF) . nyc.gov . Retrieved November 14, 2015 .
External links
- New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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