An underwire bra (also under a wire bra , under wire bra , or bikido braido ) is a bra that uses a semi thin strip -circular from a rigid material mounted in a bra fabric. The wire can be made of metal, plastic, or resin. It is sewn into a bra cloth and under each cup, from the center gore down the wearer's armpits. Wire helps lift, separate, shape, and support female breasts. Many different bra designs incorporate underwire, including shelf bras, for bras, a nursing bra, and a bra built into other clothing, such as tank tops, dresses and bathing suits.
The underwire concept can be traced to a 1893 patent depicting a breast support device using a stiff plate under the breast for stability. The modern underwire bra was designed in the 1930s, and gained widespread popularity in the 1950s. In 2005, underwire bras were the largest and fastest growing bra market segment. Bra without underwire is a softcup bra.
Bra underwire is sometimes associated with health conditions including breast pain, mastitis, and metal allergies. Women who wear underwire bra in some rare cases are subjected to extra scrutiny when their bras put metal detectors at security checkpoints at airports or prisons. There have been several incidents recorded where the underwire bends the bullets or other weapons that hit the woman's chest.
Video Underwire bra
History
Precursors for underwire bras can be traced back to at least 1893, when New Yorker Marie Tucek was granted a patent for "breast supporters". Breast supporters are described as corset modifications, and are very similar to modern push-up bra designed to support breasts. It consists of plates made of metal, cardboard, or other rigid materials, formed to fit the torso under the breast, following the contours of the breast. It is covered with silk, canvas, or other fabrics, which are extended on a plate to form a pocket for each breast. The plate curves around the torso and ends near the armpits, held in place and adjusted with a comfortable fit with a shoulder strap that crosses the rear, forming an X-shape. Secured with blinders and buttons.
Underwire bra designs emerged and was held in the United States starting in the 1930s. Helene Pons received a patent in 1931 for the design of a bra that incorporates an "open loop wire" that is placed flat on the chest, encircling the bottom and side of each breast. The 1932 patent describes a piece of U-shaped wire used between the cups to keep the breast separate. The patent issued in 1938 to Pauline Boris described "breast support" using a piece of wire to completely encircle each breast. In 1940, Walter Emmett Williams issued a patent depicting a wire frame, shaped like a spider web, that surrounds and covers each breast to provide support. Although underwire bra development began in the 1930s, it did not gain widespread popularity until the 1950s, when the end of World War II freed metal for domestic purposes.
In the 1940s, Howard Hughes had a push up bra designed for Jane Russell to emphasize her breasts at The Outlaw. According to Russell, the "silly" tool was painful and he was secretly wearing his own bra during the movie. The bra is now in the Hollywood museum.
With the popularity and widespread use of underwire bras that began during the 1950s, underwire was incorporated into many bra designs, and underwire bras were built into other clothing articles. In 1990, Norma Kamali had put underwire bra into one-and two-piece (bikini) swimsuits. Scott Lucretia was granted a patent for camisole with an underwire bra that was integrated in 1989.
The underwire bra contributed 60% of the UK bras market in 2000 and 70% in 2005. In 2001, 500 million bras were sold in the United States, which is approximately 70% (350 million) underwire bras. In 2005, underwire bra was the fastest growing segment of the market.
Maps Underwire bra
Underwire Construction
The underwire bra is built with a semi-circular "underwire", "wire bra", or "wire" embedded in a wire duct that encircles the bottom and sides of each cup. One end, or head element, from underwire near the front and center of the bra, and the other close to the armhole. Underwire can be made of metal or plastic formed; mostly metal. The plastic underwire has a very small market share as it does not provide the same support and rigidity offered by metal underwire. A metal underwire is a thin strip of metal, usually with a nylon lining at both ends. The metals used include titanium steel and nickel, alloy shape memory. According to underwire manufacturers S & amp; S Industries of New York, which supplies underwire for bra makers such as Bali, Playtex, Vanity Fair, Victoria's Secret, Warner and other bra labels, about 70 percent of women wear bras wearing steel underwire bras.
When the underwire penetrates the bra fabric, it can cause tremendous discomfort. Celebrity chef, television personality, and businesswoman Clarissa Dickson Wright wear bra only on special occasions. At her 50th birthday party, she danced when she suddenly felt "a terrible pain in my chest." He initially thought he had a heart attack. "The pain is getting stronger, I'm staggering and realizing I've ruined my bottom bra."
Because underwire can tear the fabric, most women wash their hands under a bra or wash their machine on a smooth cycle. The bra wash bag, usually a zipper mesh pouch, can also be used to protect the bra and prevent the underwire from being separated from the bra during machine washing.
Latest patent
In 2002, S & amp; S The industry obtains a patent for underwire design that includes a spring plastic cushion tip on one or both ends. The spring is designed to keep the wire from penetrating the bra. In 2008, Scott Dutton of Wales discovered "Bra Angel", a simple device for fixing a bra when underwire emerged from his channel. It is a thorny plastic hat that fits into the end of the underwire, which is then put back into the bra and held in place by the barbs.
Health
Bra underwire can rub and pinch the breast, causing skin irritation and breast tenderness, and the worn bra wire can protrude from the fabric and scrape or cut the skin. When the fabric of the bra used exposes the connection under the skin, contact with nickel and other metals may cause contact dermatitis in some women.
Effects on lactation
Underwire bra, like other concrete clothing, can contribute to clogged ducts in breastfeeding women. Fluctuations in breast size during pregnancy cause other problems. Because the underwire bra is rigid, they do not readily accommodate breast size changes, and inappropriate bras that do not support breasts properly can cause discomfort and pain. For several days after a mastectomy, or during soft breasts, a woman is advised not to use a disconnected bra.
Use of defibrillator
The use of an automated external defibrillator in patients with a metal bra can cause burns, and a bra should be issued by the first respondent before the AED is applied. In the 2007 season, MythBusters television program tested the possibility of burns due to the use of defibrillators in patients using underwire bras, and concluded that although it is possible, it is impossible unless the metal underwire is exposed and the defibrillator paddle is very close to it.
Tropical disease
A medical report documenting that wearing underwire bra in the tropics, especially East Africa, can cause furuncular myiasis in the breast caused by flying tumbu. Eggs and larvae of these flies are stored in clothing, especially along the metal wires of the under control bras, and can only be killed by means of heat through the iron. It is almost impossible to iron a traditional underwire bra to achieve the heat needed to kill larvae stored along the underwire.
Legal issues
The US Transportation Security Administration recommends that women do not wear unbraited bras because they can install metal detectors. Although most female tourists wear it without problems, it can depend on underwire ingredients.
Transport security
On Sunday, August 24, 2008, filmmaker Nancy Kates installed a metal detector during a security check. She minds when the agent tries to pat her breasts. He said he told the agency, "'You can not treat me as a criminal for wearing a bra.' A TSA supervisor informs him that he should be subject to obedient searches in private spaces or not flying. Kates offered to take off her bra, which TSA accepted. She goes to the restroom, picks up her bra, and walks through the airport and checks her security without a bra. He says that a boss told him that a bra under surveillance is the main cause of a fake metal detector alarm.
In August 2010, cancer survivor Cathy Bossi, a flight attendant on duty at US Airways, was passing a security check at Charlotte Douglas International Airport on his way to the next flight. Because of the radiation involved, he reluctantly passes the entire body scanner. "Agent T.S.A told me to put I.D. on my back," he said. "When I got out of there, the agent said because my I.D. was behind me, I had to go to the private checkpoint." During what he described as "aggressive" obedience searches, security check personnel forced him to lift and show his prosthetic breasts. Their actions violate the TSA guidelines, stating that agents do not need to touch or examine prosthetic mastectomy.
In October 2010, CNN employee Rosemary Fitzpatrick became the subject of personal search after a bra under which metal detector was installed. The TSA security official applied an invasive "hand-slide" examination in which he "stroked his hand around her breasts, above her stomach, buttocks and inner thighs, and even touched her most private area." Fitzpatrick said that he cried during the experience. "I feel helpless, I feel violated, and I feel humiliated."
In response, Triumph International, a Swiss company, launched the so-called "Frequent Flyer Bra" at the end of 2001. This bra uses metal-free clips and resin underwires instead of metals that are guaranteed not to trigger metal detectors. Bra was not available in the United States, and in 2004 a Canadian spokesman did not know if they were still being produced.
Penalization rules
Some correctional facilities, such as the San Quentin State Prison, require visitors to cut their bra and remove underwire, or temporarily use a soft cup bra provided by the agency before being granted entry permission. The result can be a shame and fear for unsuspecting visitors. Other facilities require women to remove their underwire bra in the bathroom, pass metal detectors, and return to the bathroom to restore their bra.
In June 2010, attorney Britney Horstman was banned from visiting her client at the Federal Detention Center in Miami, Florida when her subconscious bra installed a metal detector. Although he reminded the guards of the detention center memo allowing female lawyers to visit clients to wear unlocked bras, the guards refused entry. The memo exists as a result of an agreement negotiated by the Office of the Federal Public Defender, representing prisoners held in the institution before the trial. The agreement allows the entry of a female lawyer if her subconscious bra is detected by a stick that detects metal. Horstman took off his bra in the bathroom and returned to the security checkpoint without a bra, but then turned back because he did not meet the dress code of the facility. Horstman previously put underwire bra into the facility without any problems. Warden Linda McGrew then promised that the incident would not happen again.
Accidents and attacks
There are cases where underwire from a bra has helped deflect bullets or other objects, saving the wearer's life. In 1996, the underwire of a girl's bra helped save her life when she was impaled on the fence and, according to hospital personnel, the underwire of her bra might help deflect the spike from her heart. There are several incidents where the bullet is deflected by a woman's bra, either making it out of harm's way, or directing bullets away from the heart to other parts of the body. One incident occurred in 2004 when a stray bullet shot by a Ghetto Boys member hit a narrow metal wire in Helen Kelly's bra and deflected away from her heart. In 2008, a robbery victim was rescued from being stabbed in the chest when an assailant's knife was caught and deflected by his underwire bra.
See also
- Lingerie
- Wonderbra
References
External links
- Media related to Underwire bras on Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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