A tricycle is a three-wheeled vehicle. Some motorized rickshaws, which can be classified legally as motorcycles, while others are motorized rickshaws, some of which are human-powered vehicles and animal-powered vehicles.
Video Three-wheeler
Overview
Many of the three-wheeled vehicles that exist in the form of motorcycle engines are often called tricycles and often have front wheels and front mechanics that are similar to a motorcycle and a rear axle similar to a car. Often the vehicle is contracted by the owner using the rear engine part, the Volkswagen Beetle in the back with the combination of the front end of the motorcycle. Other trikes include ATVs that are constructed specifically for off road use.
The tricycle can have one wheel behind and two in front (2F1R), (eg: Morgan Motor Company) or one wheel in front and two behind (1F2R) (like Reliant Robin). Due to better security during braking, an increasingly popular form is the "tadpole" front-steering or "backward trike" sometimes with front drive but usually with rear mover. The variant on the 'one in front' layout is Scott Sociable, which resembles a four-wheel drive with a missing front wheel.
The tricycle, including several cyclecars, bubble cars and microcars, was built for economic reasons: in the UK for tax advantages, or in the US to take advantage of lower safety regulations, which are classified as motorcycles. As a result of light construction and the potential for better simplification, three-wheeled cars are usually cheaper to operate.
The tricycle transport vehicle known as pedicabs is a common means of public transportation in many countries of the world, and is an important form of urban transport in many developing countries such as India and the Philippines.
Auto rickshaws are a new form of transportation in many Eastern countries.
Maps Three-wheeler
History
Early automotive pioneer Karl Benz developed a number of three-wheeled models. One of them, Benz Patent Motorwagen, is considered the first car built specifically. It was made in 1885.
In 1896, John Henry Knight showed a tri-car in The Great Exhibition.
In 1897, Edward Butler (inventor) made the Butler's Gas Cycle, another tricycle.
Conti 6Â hp Tri-car berkompetisi di (tetapi tidak menyelesaikan) balapan Peking-to-Paris 1907 yang disponsori oleh surat kabar Perancis, Le Matin .
Konfigurasi
Dua depan
A two-wheeled forward configuration and one wheel behind presents two advantages: it has improved aerodynamics, and it's ready to allow a small, lightweight motor and rear wheel to be used. This approach is used by Messerschmitt KR200 and BMW Isetta. In addition, a more conventional front-engine front layout such as a four-wheeled car can be used, with the next advantage for transversal stability (center of gravity farther forward) and traction (two wheels are driven instead of one). Some vehicles have a front engine that drives a single rear wheel, similar to a rear engine that drives the rear wheels. With a single rear wheel, all the power is directed through one wheel. Wheels must support acceleration loads, as well as lateral forces when turning, and traction loss can be a challenge in some types of models.
A new tadpole configuration has been proposed with a rear engine that drives the front wheels. This concept (Dragonfly Three Wheeler) claims stability and traction (two wheels are driven), as well as a unique driving experience.
With two wheels in front ("tadpole" or "inverted trike" shape) the vehicle is much more stable in braking, but still more vulnerable upside down in normal turns compared to equivalent four-wheeled vehicles except the lower mass center and/or farther to front. The design derived from the motorcycle suffers most of the weight being on the back of the vehicle.
For lower wind resistance (which increases fuel efficiency), teardrop forms are often used. Drops of tears wide and round in front, tapering at the back. The three-wheel configuration allows the two front wheels to create a wide vehicle spin surface. The single rear wheel allows the vehicle to taper in the back. Examples include Aptera 2 Series and Myers Motors NmG.
Two back
It has one wheel in front and two at the rear for power reducing steering mechanism cost, but greatly reduces lateral stability during cornering during braking.
When a single wheel is in the front (a "delta" shape, like a three-wheeled pedal), the vehicle is inherently unstable in the braking spin, since the combined tipping force at the center of gravity from the turn and braking can rapidly expand. outside the triangle formed by the wheel contact fillings. This type, if not endless, also has a greater tendency to spin out ("swap over") when handled roughly.
Lateral stability
The disadvantage of a three-wheel configuration is lateral instability - the car will reverse when turning before sliding. This can be prevented in 3 ways:
- by placing the center of mass closer to the ground
- by placing the center of mass closer to the front wheel
- by increasing the path width
In the case of a three-wheel ATV, tipping can be avoided by a leaning rider.
Tilt the option
To improve stability, some three-wheeled vehicles are designed like tilting three wheels so they lean on cornering like a biker. The tilt can be controlled manually, mechanically or by computer.
The three-wheeled body and or tilted wheels tilted toward the turn. Such vehicles can be cornered safely even with narrow passes.
Some tilted tricycle can be considered as a foot shape to the front of a motorcycle, or a motorcycle cabin, or both.
Wheel configuration
Some practical configuration. Two front and one rear wheels, where all three wheels are tilted, use the 2F3T acronym (ie two front three slots). Another variation of 1F1T, where only the front wheels are tilted, for example is Vandenbrink Carver, made in the Netherlands.
Active or passive slant control
Tilt can be actively controlled by applying the force between the paired wheels. A "lean-free" balance with the steering wheel, like a single track vehicle. This still leaves some advantages in traction, and the slope can be locked for parking faster than standing usable.
Topology
Propulsion may be on one, two, or three wheels, italics or not. Many settings may require a flexible U-joint, which supports other possibilities.
Use of the 'extra' wheel
Any extra-lateral wheel wheel can benefit the vehicle by providing stability advantage if there is a mechanism for locking the wheel that is lateral at some time relative to the road. In some vehicles offset, these benefits are generally only available when discontinued.
In another type where the slope angle is directly controlled, this additional stability is constant at all speeds.
In a countersteered vehicle the traction loss will result in a fall whereas in the design that tilted falling fall is unlikely to happen.
Various electrical and hydraulic systems have been used to modify TTW behavior, with remarkable success in Carver.
Due to italics, there is no need for load removal between the wheels in cornering, so the rules about tadpoles (2F or "reverse trike") understeering and Delta (1F or trike standard) oversteering do not always apply.
Electricity
Battery
The design of the battery-powered three-wheeled includes:
- Aptera 2 Series
- Arcimoto
- CityEl
- Tango Commuter Car
- Cree SAM
- Myers Motors NmG (formerly Corbin Sparrow)
- Toyota i-Road
- Triac
- Vanderhall Edison2
- Xebra ZAP
Solar
The fastest solar-powered vehicle in the world, Ashiya University's Third Sky Ace, is a three-wheeled vehicle. It reached 91,332 kilometers per hour (56,751 mph) at Shimojishima Airport, in Miyakojima, Okinawa, Japan, to win the Guinness World Record, on 20 August 2014. It took the record of another three-wheeled vehicle, Sunswift IV, designed and built at the University New South Wales in Australia, with a margin of almost 3 km/h.
Steam
The first large land vehicle in the world is a tricycle. French captain Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot 1770
Another of the earliest preserved examples is the long three-steam wheel, built by George A. Long around 1880 and patented in 1883, now on display at the Smithsonian Institution.
All-terrain vehicle
Due to an injury incident related to their use, a 10-year ban, entirely voluntary to the manufacturer, was placed on sale of a new three-wheeled all-terrain vehicle in the United States in January 1988. However, it should be noted that more injuries are sustained by motorists by not applying the technique right driving, and lack of proper safety equipment such as helmets and horseback boots. In a search conducted by the Consumer Product Safety Commission, it was stipulated that "no congenital defects were found in the tricycle design".
Registration
In the US, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration defines and governs three-wheeled vehicles as motorcycles. However, by 2015, a bill introduced in Congress will prevent some three-wheeled vehicles from being classified as motorcycles in the United States, instead of creating a new classification for "autocycles".
Driver's license and registration requirements vary by state. Some states require the driver of a tricycle to own a motorcycle license and register the vehicle as a motorcycle. Some states, including Virginia, Kansas, and Indiana, classify some three-wheel vehicles as autocycles. Virginia defines autocycle as a "three-wheeled motor vehicle that has steering wheels and seats that do not require operators to straddle or sit on-site and are manufactured to meet federal safety requirements for motorcycles." Indiana defines it as "three (3) wheeled vehicles in which operators and passengers ride in fully or partially sealed seats equipped with: (1) rollcage or roll circles; (2) safety belts for each occupant; and ( 3) anti-locking brakes, and are designed to be controlled with steering wheel and pedals. "In other jurisdictions, such as British Columbia, Canada, and Connecticut, three-wheeled vehicles with closed passenger compartments or seats are partially regarded as cars.
Example
Two front wheels
Two rear wheels
References
External links
- Complete the three-wheel A-Z list since 1940
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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