The V4 engine is a four-cylinder engine with the cylinder set in the "V" configuration.
The V4 configuration has been seen used in cars, motorcycles, marine propulsion, and for industrial/commercial applications.
Video V4 engine
V4 engine design
Conceptually, V4 is a pair of V-twin machines that are mounted from end to end. Most of the V4 designs support the crankshaft with three main pads and have two crankpins divided by opposite cylinders. Odd-numbered cylinders are usually in one bank and even the cylindrical number in the opposite bank. The exception is the V4 on a Honda VFR1200 motorcycle, which has cylinders 1 and 4 in one bank and 2 and 3 in another bank.
Compared to the four-inline engine, the advantages of the V4 include compactness, short length along the crankshaft, and at an angle of 90 Â ° V, the perfect primary balance provides smooth operation. V4 produces fewer rocking pairs than the inline-four of the same hole and stroke. In addition, the shorter V4 crankshaft is more rigid than the inline-four crankshaft, making the former less susceptible to torsional vibration effects.
The disadvantage is, as with V-twin, it is more difficult to find the addition, the inlet system, and the exhaust system. V4 is usually more expensive to produce than an equivalent in-line four, has two cylinder heads and exhaust manifolds, and thus four different parts where the inline engine will have two. Compact 60 Â ° V4 is not perfectly seamless and requires a balance shaft. In modern times, the advantages of V4 make it very suitable for motorcycles and outboard engines. However, the superiority of V4 for mass-produced vehicle applications does not address additional costs. The engine layout requires the manufacture of two cylinder heads and the exhaust manifold rather than just one each for I4. Access to maintenance can also be more difficult.
Maps V4 engine
Car usage
One of the earliest V4 internal combustion engines was designed by the Mors of Paris to move its motorcycle in 1897. A 90-degree V with a central camshaft and ignition spark plug means the layout is like a more modern machine, this inlet valve is operated only with suction. At that time the lack of vibration from this layout was the main selling point.
In 1907, J. Walter Christie was the first American to compete in the French Grand Prix with his car powered by 19,891 cc (1,214 cuÃ, in) V4, the largest engine ever used in Grand Prix races.
V4 engine has not been widely used in cars. AMC, Ford, Lancia, and ZAZ are the only companies that produce such machines.
Lancia produced several narrow-angle V4 engines from the early 1920s to the 1960s for cars such as Lambda, Augusta, Artena, Aprilia, Ardea, Appia, and Fulvia.
From 1960 to 1963, American Motors Corporation (AMC) produced a 108-liter air-cooled V4 engine (1.8Ã,L) used on the M422 'Mighty Mite' lightweight M422 military vehicle as air transport (by helicopter at the time ) Jeep for the United States Marine Corps. This machine is not designed for the use of civilian passenger cars.
The Ford of Europe produced two very different V4 engines with equilibrium shafts, one in England and one in Germany:
- British Ford Essex V4 engine, mainly used in Ford Transit and Corsair
- Ford Taunus German V4 engine, also used by Saab, Matra 530, and roadar engine roadster Ford Mustang I in 1962)
Ukrainian producer ZAZ uses air-cooled V4 with a balance shaft, manufactured by MeMZ and used in Zaporozhets and LuAZ cars.
In 2014, Porsche announced that 919 Hybrid Le Mans Prototype they will use a small capacity turbocharged V4 engine.
Variable shift
In a modern car with a V8 engine and variable displacement technology, the engine will enter "V4 mode" during light load conditions such as road cruising. This technology is known as Active Fuel Management in Chevrolet Corvette and Multi-Displacement System in Dodge Challenger.
Motorcycle use
In the 1930s, an inappropriate Golden Eagle uses a narrow angle V4, while Puch uses a very wide angle V4. Newer V4 engines are found on motorcycles, usually mounted transversely. The design of this machine enjoyed certain popularity during the mid to late 1980s, especially in Honda motorcycles. Models with V4 engines include:
- Aprilia RSV4
- Aprilia Tuono V4
- Ducati Apollo
- Ducati Desmosedici
- Ducati Panigale V4
- Honda Saber
- Honda Magna
- Honda Interceptor VF500F
- Honda Interceptor VF750F
- Honda Interceptor VF1000F
- Honda VF1000R
- Honda VFR750R RC30
- Honda VFR800 Interceptor
- Honda RVF750 RC45
- Honda NR
- Honda RC212V
- Honda ST1100 and ST1300 (Pan-Europe) with longitudinal machine
- Honda VFR400R
- Honda VFR750F
- Honda VFR1200F
- Motus MST with longitudinal machine
- Suzuki GV1400 Cavalcade
- Suzuki Madura
- Suzuki GSV-R
- Suzuki RGV500
- Yamaha Venture and Venture Royale
- Yamaha Royal Star and Royal Star Venture
- Yamaha V-Max and VMAX
- Yamaha YZR500
Other uses
Wisconsin Motors began producing air-cooled engines in 1929, and added V4 designs in 1935. The company discontinued its water-cooled version in 1939, and produced only V4 air-cooled gasoline (gasoline) engines in various displacements for industry, agriculture and stationary app. Farm equipment manufacturers are sourced from Wisconsin V4 because they offer compact size and excellent power output. In 1968, the largest in the Wisconsin gasoline line was the new V-465D, a 177Ã, Â ° C (2.9 × L) V4 rated at 65.9 hp (49 kW, 67 PS) at 3,000 rpm. Standard features include controlled pressurized lubrication to provide full-time oil to all parts of the work, as well as automatic protection against overheating. Wisconsin Motors continues to produce V4 engines for special applications.
Turner Manufacturing Co. (Wolverhampton, UK) developed the V4 water-cooled diesel engine in the mid-1940s for various industrial and marine uses, and used it in its own "Yeoman England" farm tractor from 1949 to 1957.
Another use of the V4 engine is the outboard motor. They are two-stroke cycles and generally carburetors. Some of the biggest manufacturers are Johnson, Evinrude, and Yamaha. This type of machine is popular because of its small size, while still producing 140 hp (104 kW, 142 PS), or more.
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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