The Civic Center is the lower Manhattan area of ​​New York City, which includes the New York City Hall, One Police Plaza, the courthouse in Foley Square, and the surrounding area. The district is bordered to the west by Tribeca on Broadway, north by Chinatown on Worth Street or Bayard Street, east by the East River and Brooklyn Bridge on South Street, and south by the Financial District on Ann Street.
Video Civic Center, Manhattan
Land use
Although activities related to the government are very dominant, other activities also occur within the district, including entertainment, industrial activities, shelter, and warehousing. For example, there is a Chinese restaurant near the Civic Center border with Chinatown, next to several museums and several residential buildings in the Civic Center area. The extent is approximately 10 blocks long and 5 blocks wide, but much less than most of Manhattan, where the average number of residents for an area of ​​35,000; The Civic Center has about 20,000 inhabitants.
The Jacob K. Javits Federal Building is located in the area. This includes the field office of the New York Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Non-government buildings include 387 feet (118Ã, m) 15 Park Row, an office building and housing that is the highest city from 1899 until 1908. 150 Nassau Street, a 21-story granite building, was once a publishing house, as were many in the area is, but is now a residential building, like 38 Park Row. The 76-story 8 Spruce Street is one of the tallest residential buildings in the world. Southbridge Towers, once an affordable housing by Mitchell-Lama, are now housing at market prices.
Maps Civic Center, Manhattan
completion of Lenape
Initially, the American Indian Lenape occupied the Civic Center area due to the rich pastoral field and its proximity to the East River and Hudson River. There was a series of swamps in the area and a large pond in what is now Foley Square, where the early settlers called "The Collect" or "Collect Pond". In fact, the area was so low that during spring floods, the Indians could row from the East River to the Hudson River through the Collecting Pool.
Then in 1609, Henry Hudson, an English explorer who worked for the Netherlands, came and took the land for the Netherlands. The colony there grew and agriculture began to grow, so the demand for workers increased. The Dutch West Indies company decided to import slaves in 1625 to a new colony. The Civic Center is known as the commons and the first recorded building was a windmill built by Jan de Wit and Denys Hartogveldt in 1663. The following year, the colony was renamed New York and the state seal was made the following year. Livestock continues to grow and slavery is growing rapidly. Slaves built a burial ground in the northern area of ​​the Civic Center. Slaves will bury the people at night even though it's illegal, to make sure their brothers have a decent burial service. Since the slaves slipped out and racism, the Trinity Church banned the African burial ceremony in 1697. This rule was subsequently annulled in 1773.
The city continues to grow and the system of government becomes stronger. Local governments decided to finance the construction of their first public works through public funding. In 1735, Almshouse was built as a center for hospitals and poor, prisons, social houses and hospitals. Scores then another built prison called the New Destination, which is a prison of debtors. Army barracks are built on the shared western border.
City Hall Park
During the pre-Revolution and Revolution era, City Hall Park, in Lower Manhattan, is home to many acts and moves, as well as some civilian buildings. Among the more important:
- In 1700, the original city hall of New York City was built
- In 1765, New Yorkers protested the Postage Act on the site
- On March 18, 1766, New Yorkers rejoiced when the Stamp Law of 1765 was revoked
- Also in 1766, Sons of Liberty established the first "Liberty Pole", a pole of warning topped by propellers displaying the word "freedom", outside the Warrior Barracks. The British troops cut it off, and replaced it five times. The replica of 1921 is now near its original location between City Hall and Broadway.
- That same year, St. Chapel Paul was completed as a chapel of the Trinity Church in Lower Manhattan. It stands on a square some distance from the growing port city in the south and is built as a "chapel-amenity" for parishioners living far from the Mother Church.
- In 1768 construction began in a new Bridewell, a prison. American Prisoners of War will be held at Bridewell during the British occupation of New York during the American Revolutionary War.
- On July 9, 1776, people gathered at the commons to hear the Declaration of Independence read out by George Washington.
- Finally, on November 9, 1783, American troops retook the Civic Center, and George Washington raised the flag in the park.
- Six years later, General Washington was crowned president of the United States, and soon after his inauguration, President Washington went to St. Chapel. The famous Paul, the oldest surviving church in Manhattan.
- In 1802, since New York City's City Hall was aging and unable to accommodate the growing city government, the New York City government decided to hold a competition for the new City Hall's best design. Aaron Burr promised Benjamin Latrobe from Philadelphia that Latrobe would win. When he lost, Latrobe bitterly denounced the winners, "mason" John McComb, Jr. and the French exile Joseph Francois Mangin, and their "vile findings". Actually, McComb and Mangin are each capable architects, and their designs, mostly by Mangin, are superior to Latrobe, but City Hall is their only collaboration, and that's short.
- In 1812, the building was finished; it was designed in the Federal style with French influence. McComb himself was chosen to oversee construction, and Mangin's career never recovered. Decades later, McComb's descendents removed Mangin's name from the original image, a conspiracy that deceived the New York Times and others. New in 2003, Mangin was officially recognized as the main designer of New York City Town Hall. Some critics have complained that New Town Hall is too far north of the heart of the city, but others love the remote location and the beautiful scenery of the building.
- 1818: New York's growing cultural identity, The Rotunda was built as the first art museum in New York City.
- Slavery was removed in New York on 4 July 1827, the Emancipation Day, which sparked a two-day celebration in parks and parades.
- In 1830, the old debtors' prison, New Gaol, was converted into a town hall.
- When the building was demolished in 1903, it was the oldest city building in New York.
- New York City's luxurious architecture and economic growth make it a great city to visit. In 1836, the first New York City luxury hotel was built. Isaiah Rogers, with a reputation for building the first luxury hotel in America, designed a six-story Park Hotel, commonly known as Astor House.
- In 1842, Croton Fountain was placed in the center of City Hall Park to celebrate Croton Aqueduct, the first reliable, reliable water supply in New York City. The water channel draws water from the Croton Dam over 40 miles north of the city and is considered one of the great engineering feats of the 19th century.
Property development
During the Civil War, the old British army barracks were used as temporary barracks. In 1870, a new post office was established, which infuriated many people; the new building blocked City Hall views and destroyed Croton Fountain.
The Tweed Courthouse, consisting of 30 internal courthouses also built later and completed in 1881. Although the building was built in 1861, the work in the building ceased in 1872 because the Tweed Boss was on trial there.
In the 1880s, the city of New York thrived in leaps and bounds. The population has risen to over one million inhabitants, and the government is growing beyond its offices. The mayor, Franklin Edson, acknowledged the need for more space for government offices and reluctantly added to the original City Hall building. In contrast, between 1888 and 1907, the city organized a series of competitions to select designs for some new structures.
On December 3, 1897, people rejoiced by the City Hall to celebrate the consolidation of the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. New York City has just over 4.5 million inhabitants, and there is a need for mass transit systems and magnificent buildings. The subway station of City Hall was completed in 1903, a station on the New York City Subway, which would later become the largest mass transit system in the world. The large 40-storey municipal building was completed in 1915 and has a Civic Fre statue located above the tower.
In 1906, the Pace brothers founded the firm Pace & amp; Steps to operate their accounting and business schools. Taking a loan of $ 600, the Pace brothers rented a class on one of the floors in the New York Tribune Building.
The city continued to innovate, and in 1908, City Hall Park was renovated, and the old gas lamps were replaced with electric ones.
20th century
The financial and economic strength of the Civic Center flourished in the early 1900s.
The Emigrant Savings Bank was established in 1850 to provide financial services to the growing Irish Catholic immigrant population of New York City, and to enable easy transfer of funds between New York and Emigrant branches in Dublin. In 1908, they decided to relocate their headquarters to the Civic Center and to create the largest bank building in the United States.
The Courthouse Surrogate House, originally designed to be the Hall of Records, was built between 1899 and 1907.
Frank Winfield Woolworth, owner of Woolworth's "five and a shift" retail chain, needed a new office building for his company's headquarters and asked Cass Gilbert to build a Gothic tower with windows. In response, the Woolworth Building was built in 1913 and was the tallest building in the world until 1930, when the Chrysler Building claimed his title. The Woolworth Building becomes an instant landmark, as both are very impressive, and because of its Gothic ornaments. This gave him the nickname "Cathedral of Commerce". The interior of the building is one of the most luxurious in New York. Woolworth's private office is modeled and completed after Napoleon's Palace in CompiÃÆ'¨gne.
As early as 1915, Weekly Weekly Mekeel Weekly contains many advertisements for stamp dealers in Nassau Street. In the 1930s, stamp collecting became very popular, and Nassau Street was New York City's "Stamp District" center, called "Street of Stamps," with dozens of stamps and coin dealers all round. The Stamp Center Building is located at 116 Nassau Street, and the Subway Stamp Shop is located at 87 Nassau Street.
During the Great Depression, the mobs gathered at City Hall Park as a place to protest the government.
Remodeling
Under Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia, Robert Moses unveiled an ambitious plan to renovate the park. The plan called for the Federal Post Office to be demolished, but the plan was stopped because it was opposed by city officials and community groups.
The Delacorte family donated Shew Fountain. Twenty-one years later, Mayor Rudy Giuliani rededicated the park for $ 7.5 million and got rid of Shew Fountain.
The Tweed Courthouse was also renovated and redesigned to be home to the Department of Education and public school kindergartens.
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In 1991, when building the Federal Building of Ted Weiss, the excavator discovered thousands of graves. Scientists believe that the National Monument to the Land of Burial Africa is the largest grave in the world for people of African descent. They estimated that about 15,000 to 20,000 people were buried there, but only 419 bodies were found.
A memorial site was built, and opened in 2007. The visitor center opened in 2010 and has a video about the discovery of graves, statues of the burial process, and information about the lives of the slaves.
Publishing a newspaper
The wave of newspaper companies emerged in 1835 after the invention of the steam bends, which produced a molded sheet mechanically, replacing the old-handed-turning method. The convenience of mass production produces intense pressures and news mass consumption. The Civic Center has always been a desirable location for newspapers because it is very close to City Hall and the courts, but the number increases exponentially after the discovery of steam press. Park Row was known as the "Row of Newspapers", and between the Civil War and World War I, 60 newspapers were published there.
The New York Sun began publishing in 1833, as the morning paper edited by Benjamin Day under the slogan "It Shines for All". Newspaper offices, a department store converted on 280 Broadway, between Chambers and Duane Streets on lower Manhattan now known as "The Sun Building" are famous for hours containing mastheads and newspaper motto.
Horace Greeley created the New York Tribune in 1841 in the hope of providing a straightforward and credible source of media in the times when newspapers like New York Sun and New York Herald enjoy sensationalism. Original building Tribune 'located at 30 Ann Street, but was moved to Park Row in 1875.
The first New York Times ' building is located at 113 Nassau Street in lower Manhattan. In 1854, he moved to 138 Nassau Street, and in 1858 moved to 41 Park Row, making it the first newspaper in New York City to be housed in a building built exclusively for its use.
Frank Queen bought a small office in Nassau Street and began publishing the New York Clipper in 1853, making it the first American newspaper devoted entirely to entertainment; the paper eventually shortened its name to The Clipper . It was one of the earliest publications in the United States to regularly cover sports, and played an important role in popularizing baseball in the country. In addition to the more popular sporting events, the New York Clipper also writes about billiards, bowling, and even chess. It began to include American football in 1880.
The New York World was founded in 1860 but was a relatively unsuccessful New York newspaper from 1860 to 1883. Joseph Pulitzer bought it in 1883, and an aggressive new era of circulation began. In 1890, Pulitzer built the New York World Building, the tallest office building in the world at that time (demolished in 1955).
The New York Journal was founded in 1868, as a paper published every day. The paper was almost financially unstable and in 1895 William Randolph Hearst bought it. He made major changes to the paper, and adopted the approach used by Joseph Pulitzer, he started competing with New York World . Every publication will compete by forging and decorating more stories than others. They increase the size of their title font, and focus more on the title than the true story.
The Revolution , also founded in 1868, is a women's rights newspaper founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony.
The New York Press is a New York City newspaper that began publishing in December 1887 and published such famous authors as Stephen Crane. It also coined the term "yellow journalism" in early 1897, to refer to the work of Joseph Pulitzer of New York World and William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal.
The Daily People is a weekly newspaper founded in New York City in 1891, and most remembered as a vehicle for the ideas of Daniel DeLeon (1852-1914), the dominant ideological leader of the American Socialist Workers Party.
Yellow Journalism
The New York Press says, in 1898, about a paper that practices "yellow journalism": "We call it Yellow because they are Yellow."
The "yellow journalism" tactics used by the New York Journal and New York World improve circulation and influence the content and style of newspapers in most major American cities. Many aspects of yellow journalism, such as banner headlines, sensational stories, emphasis on illustrations, and colored supplements, became a permanent feature of popular newspapers in the United States and Europe during the 20th century.
References
External links
- Media related to Civic Center, Manhattan on Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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